Chapter 9 - Maslow - Holistic-Dynamic Theory Flashcards
What was Maslow’s view of motivation?
He viewed motivation as affecting the whole person, often unconsciously. Motivation is continual and applicable to all people.
What are the four types of needs in Maslow’s theory?
They are conative (willful striving), aesthetic (order and beauty), cognitive (curiosity and knowledge), and neurotic (unproductive patterns of relating with others).
What are the conative needs?
Physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization.
How are the conative needs arranged?
The conative needs can be arranged in a hierarchy, where each level of need must be satisfied before proceeding to the next.
What can we say about the order of the conative needs?
It can occasionally be reversed, as in the example of an artist completing a dangerous work (placing the need for creative self-actualization before the need for safety).
What is coping behaviour?
Coping behaviour is conscious effort to satisfy the basic needs.
What is expressive behaviour?
In Maslow’s theory, expressive behaviour has a cause but is unmotivated - it is simply how an individual expresses themself.
What is meant by an instinctoid need?
Instinctoid needs (including the conative needs) are innate to all people, resulting in pathology if the needs are not satisfied.
What is observed when the need for self-actualization is frustrated?
Metapathology (a sense of vague frustration or discontent) and rejection of the B-values.
What are the characteristics of a self-actualized person?
Acceptance of the B-values (truth, justice, humour, etc.) moves a person from the level of esteem to the level of self-actualization. This is shown by 15 characteristics:
- Efficient perception of reality
- Acceptance of self, others, and nature
- Spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness
- A problem-centred approach to life
- The need for privacy
- Autonomy
- Freshness of appreciation
- peak experiences
- social interest
- profound interpersonal relations
- A democratic attitude
- the ability to distinguish means from ends
- a philosophical sense of humour
- creativeness
- resistance to enculturation
What is meant by Taoistic attitude?
Maslow advocate for an approach to science that is non-interfering, passive, receptive, and subjective, which he termed a Taoistic attitude.
What does Jonah complex mean?
Jonah complex means the fear of doing one’s best.
What should be the focus of psychotherapy?
Psychotherapy should focus on the level of needs currently being frustrated, in most cases love and belongingness needs.
