Chapter 9 - Leadership

Question 1

Leadership

Answer 1

influence that particular individuals have on goal achievement of others: motivating people and gaining their commitment

Question 2

Effective leadership

Answer 2

enhancing productivity, innovation, satisfaction and commitment of workforce for goals

Question 3

Strategic leadership

Answer 3

long term implications: involves anticipating, envision, maintain flexibility, work with others to initiate changes to make the future better

Question 4

Formal leadership

Answer 4

titles like managers, executive, supervisor that occupy assigned leadership roles

Question 5

Informal leadership

Answer 5

No formal authority within the organization. emerge naturally

Question 6

Trait theory of leadership

Answer 6

depends on personal qualities/inherent traits of the leader; special set of traits that distinguish leaders from mass of followers

Question 7

Traits

Answer 7

individual characteristic like physical attributes, intellectual ability and personality: all big 5 (mostly extraversion and conscientiousness)

Question 8

Relationship between traits and leadership

Answer 8

affective and relational measures of effectiveness more than performance

Question 9

Limitations of the traits theory of leadership

Answer 9

• hard to determine if traits or opportunity to leadership come first
• does not say what leaders do to influence others
• Does not take into account the situation
• lead to bias and discrimination
• traits are preconditions for actions to be successful
• leader bahaviour impact > leader traits impact

Question 10

Leadership behaviours

Answer 10

consideration & initiating structure: not related to effectiveness equally across situations, depend on task, employee and setting

Question 11

Consideration

Answer 11

extent to which a leader is approachable and shows personal concern and respect (friendly, egalitarian, appreciation and support)

Question 12

Initiating structure

Answer 12

leader concentrate on goal attainment (task focused instead of people)

Question 13

consideration is more related to

Answer 13

follower satisfaction, motivation and leader effectiveness

Question 14

initiating structure is more related to

Answer 14

leader job performance and group performance

Question 15

if high pressure due to deadlines, unclear tasks or threat

Answer 15

initiating structure increases satisfaction and performance

Question 16

if goals and methods are very clear

Answer 16

consideration should promote employee satisfaction, while structure promote dissatisfaction

Question 17

Situational theories of leadership

Answer 17

effectiveness of leadership depends on:
-characteristics of employees
-nature of the task they are performing
-characteristics of organization
one leader who is effective in one situation might not in another one

Question 18

House’s path-goal theory

Answer 18

manager defines the path to various goals of importance to employees: i.e. job satisfaction, leader acceptance and high effort

Question 19

effective leader

Answer 19

forms a connection between employee goals and company goals

Question 20

to achieve job satisfaction and leader acceptance

Answer 20

leader behaviour be perceived immediately satisfying or leading to future satisfaction

Question 21

to promote employee effort

Answer 21

make rewards dependent on performance (expectancy theory) and make sure employees know how to achieve them

Question 22

Directive behaviour

Answer 22

schedule work, maintain performance standards = initiating structure

Question 23

achievement-oriented behaviour

Answer 23

encourage to exert high effort and strive for a high level goal accomplishment

Question 24

Supportive behaviour

Answer 24

friendly, approachable, concerned with pleasant interpersonal relationships = consideration

Question 25

Participative behaviour

Answer 25

consult with employees and ask for opinions

Question 26

path-goal theory concerned with 2 primary classes of situational factors

Answer 26

employee characteristics & environment factors

Question 27

Employee characteristics

Answer 27

high need achievers --> achievement oriented leaders followers --> directive leaders low task ability --> directive leaders

Question 28

Environmental factors

Answer 28

tasks are clear/routine --> NOT directive/participative tasks challenging and ambiguous --> directive/participative frustrating tasks --> supportive leadership

Question 29

Participative leadership

Answer 29

- > vary in how much they involve employees - > Minimal: obtaining employee opinions before decision - > Maximal: allows employees make own decisions - >participation can involve/entire group - > choice of participative strategy depends on situation

Question 30

Potential advantages of participative leadership

Answer 30

Motivation increase Establish of work goals and how to accomplish them increase intrinsic motivation enhance quality of decisions empowers employee to take direct action and solve problems increase employee's acceptance of decisions

Question 31

Potential problems of participative leadership

Answer 31

demands time and energy Loss of power Lack of receptivity or knowledge (if leader is not trusted or poor labour climate)

Question 32

Transactional leadership

Answer 32

exchange relationship between leader and followers

Question 33

contingent reward behavior

Answer 33

gives reward based on employee performance

Question 34

management by exception

Answer 34

leader takes corrective action on the basis of the results of leader-follower transactions

Question 35

Transformational leadership

Answer 35

new vision that implant true commitment: 1) change attitude towards new vision 2)encourage performance beyond

Question 36

transformational leaders are

Answer 36

- good at transactional aspects of clarify paths | - reward good performance

Question 37

Key dimensions of transformational leaders

Answer 37

1. intellectual stimulation 2. Individualized consideration 3. Inspirational motivation 4. Charisma ***

Question 38

Intellectual stimulation

Answer 38

stimulate employees to think on problems, issues and strategies while leader challenges assumptions and takes risk

Question 39

Individualistic consideration

Answer 39

treating employees as distinct individuals: indicating concern for their needs/personal development and a coach when appropriate

Question 40

Inspirational motivation

Answer 40

stimulate enthusiasm, challenge with high standards, communicate optimism about future plans

Question 41

Charisma

Answer 41

ability to command strong loyalty and devotion = strong influence provides for emotional aspect of transformational leaders strongly related to follower satisfaction and leadership effectiveness

Question 42

transformational leadership is found to be the

Answer 42

most consistent predictor of effective leadership

Question 43

overall best leaders are

Answer 43

transformational and transactional