Chapter 9 Leadership

Question 1

what is leadership?

Answer 1

The action of taking charge of a situation or activity and guiding people toward a common goal.

Question 2

what are the theories of leadership?

Answer 2

1. Behavioural Theory
2. Contingency Theory
   - Fred Fiedler’s Leader–Follower Situational Contingency Model
   - Situational Leadership Theory (SLT)
   - The Path-Goal Theory
   - Vroom–Yetton Participative Leadership Theory
   - Leader–Member Exchange Theory (LMX)
3. Charismatic Theory
4. The Full-Ranged of Leadership Model
   - Contingent Reward
   Leadership
   - Transformational
   Leadership
   - Transactional Leadership
5. Trait Theory
   - Extraversion
   - Conscientious

Question 3

Ohio State Studies (behaviour traits) categorized to?

Answer 3

1. consideration
2. initiating structure

Question 4

Ohio State Studies (behaviour traits) consideration leaders are characterized by?

hint: motivation for employeses

Answer 4

• Having respect for their employees’ ideas
• Developing mutual trust between a superior and his subordinates
• Being very concerned over their employees’ feelings
• Ensuring the inner needs of their employees are satisfied
• Motivating employees by using human relations approaches while maintaining a focus on tasks and the results

Question 5

Ohio State Studies (behaviour traits) initiating structure leaders are characterized by?

hint: aim organization

Answer 5

• Clarifying their roles and their
  subordinates’ roles
• Focusing on organizational
  structure and the operating
  procedures and to keep things
  under control all the time
• Their main focuses are on
  completion of tasks and meeting deadlines.
• The employees’ motivation and inner needs are still looked into but not seen as major priorities.

Question 6

key characteristics of a leader?

Answer 6

• Uses personal power to influence the thoughts
  and actions of others
• Intuitive, mystical understanding of what needs to
  be done.
• Directs energy towards providing guidance to
  people in achieving practical solutions.
• Influences people through altering moods, and
  evoking images and expectation.
• Views work as a means of developing fresh approaches to old problems or finding new options for old issues.
• Takes in emotional signals from others, making
  them mean something in the relationship with an
  individual; often passionate about their work
• Relates to people in intuitive and empathic ways.
• Focuses on ‘what’ needs to be done, leaving
  decisions to people involved.
• Focuses attention to decisions to be made.
• Communicates through the use of ‘messages’
  heightening the emotional responses

Question 7

Leader–Member Exchange Theory (LMX) key points?

Answer 7

• Differential Treatment
  -In-Groups and Out-Groups

Question 7

Fred Fiedler’s Leader–Follower Situational Contingency Model three crucial elements?

Answer 7

1. Position Power
2. Task Structure
3. Leader-Follower Relations

Question 8

two distinct groups among employees in LMX?

Answer 8

1. In-Groups
2. Out-Groups

Question 9

what do you understand about In-Groups?

Answer 9

1. Description:
   - In-group members enjoy more autonomy, greater
   responsibility, increased attention, and better rewards.
   - They operate within the leader’s personal circle.
2. Outcome:
   - This closer relationship often leads to higher job
   satisfaction and performance among in-group members.

Question 10

what do you understand about Out-Group?

Answer 10

1. Description:
   - Out-group members receive less attention, have lower
   levels of responsibility, and receive fewer rewards.
2. Outcome:
   - While this might cause dissatisfaction among out-group members, it can also present opportunities for growth and development if leadership is exchanged or if capable employees are given the chance to prove themselves.

Question 11

three distinct stages in LMX?

Answer 11

1. Role Taking
2. Role Making
3. Routinization