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a&p 1 > Chapter 9 joints > Flashcards

Chapter 9 joints Flashcards

1
Q

where 2 bones meet

A

articulation

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2
Q

study of joints

A

arthrology

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3
Q

study of musculoskeletal movement

A

kinesiology

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4
Q

no movement (immovable)

A

synarthrosis

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5
Q

slight movement

A

amphiarthrosis

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6
Q

freely moveable

A

diarthrosis

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7
Q

Not really a joint (but used to be), results from joint ossification, no movement.

A

Bony joint (synostosis)

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8
Q

adjacent bones bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone, cross space between them, and penetrate into the other.

A

fibrous joints

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9
Q

fibrous joint between cranial bones, no movement (synarthrosis)

A

suture

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10
Q

wavy lines interlock bones. coronal, sagittal, lambdoid sutures

A

serrate suture

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11
Q

bones overlap with beveled edge. Squamous suture

A

lap (squamous suture)

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12
Q

straight bones meet, no overlap. intermaxillary suture

A

plane (butt) suture

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13
Q

connects tooth, to alveolus of jaw, held by fibrous periodontal ligament. Little to no movement (synarthrosis)

A

gomphosis

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14
Q

longer collagenous fibers between adjacent bones, interosseous membrane. Limited movement.

A

syndesmosis

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15
Q

two bones linked by cartilage

A

cartilaginous joints

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16
Q

hyaline cartilage between bones. epiphyseal plate, R1 to sternum. Immovable.

A

synchondrosis

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17
Q

fibrocartilage. interpubic discs, intervertebral discs. shock absorbing fibrocartilage disc between vertebrae. Slightly movement.

A

symphysis

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18
Q

freely movable, structurally complex joints. Enclosed by joint capsule.

A

synovial joints

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19
Q

connective tissue that encloses the joint (articular) cavity

A

joint (articular) capsule

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20
Q

joint cavity is filled with

A

synovial fluid

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21
Q

pad crosses entire joint

A

articular disc

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22
Q

pad doesn’t cross entire joint

A

meniscus

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23
Q

tough connective tissue, joins bone to bone

A

ligament

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24
Q

sheet or strip of tough connective tissue, attaches muscle to bone

A

tendon

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25
Q

fibrous sacs of synovial fluid. Between muscles, tendon and bone, skin and bone

A

bursa

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26
Q

bursa wrapped around tendon

A

tendon sheath

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27
Q

stabilizes joints, stronger bones (wolf’s law), stronger muscles

A

weight bearing exercises

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28
Q

increases the flow of synovial fluid in cartilage

A

exercise

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29
Q

fluid exits cartilage and removes waste

A

compression

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30
Q

fluid enters cartilage, taking in nutrients

A

decompression

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31
Q

warming up before exercise

A

warms, thins synovial fluid so it is better absorbed by cartilage, swollen cartilage is better cushion against compression

32
Q

too littler exercise

A

cartilages break down

33
Q

excessive exercise

A

osteoarthritis (joint wear and tear)

34
Q

broad term for pain and inflammation of a joint

A

arthritis

35
Q

physicians who treat arthritis and other joint disorders

A

rheumatologist

36
Q

most common form of arthritis, wear and tear.

A

osteoarthritis

37
Q

autoimmune attack against the joint tissue, attacks synovial membrane

A

rheumatoid arthritis

38
Q

abnormal, solidly fused, immobilized joint (synostosis)

A

ankylosis

39
Q

replacement of diseases joint with artificial device called prosthesis

A

arthroplasty

40
Q

inflammation of a bursa

A

bursitis

41
Q

form of bursitis in which tendon sheath is inflamed

A

tendinitis

42
Q

hereditary disease where uric acid crystals accumulate in joints

A

gout

43
Q

long, rigid object, rotates around fixed fulcrum.

A

lever

44
Q

occurs when effort overcomes resistance

A

rotation

45
Q

distance from fulcrum to effort

A

effort arm

46
Q

distance from fulcrum to resistance

A

resistance arm

47
Q

in the human body the fulcrum is a?

A

joint

48
Q

in the body effort is?

A

muscle

49
Q

in the body the resistance is?

A

weight (of limb) or opposing muscle

50
Q

-seesaw
-resistance= weight of head (tendency to drop chin)
-fulcrum= occipital condyle
-effort= muscles pulling occipital

A

fulcrum in middle (RFE)

51
Q

-wheelbarrow
-fulcrum= hip joint
-resistance- weight of the thigh itself
- effort= elevation of tibia

A

resistance in the middle (FRE)

52
Q
  • paddle
    -resistance= weight in hand or weight of forearm
    -effort- bicep muscles attachment at radius
    fulcrum= elbow joint
A

effort in the middle (REF)

53
Q

rounded “ball”; multiaxial
(hip and shoulder joints)

A

ball-and-socket

54
Q

oval ball; biaxial
(metacarpophalageal joint)

A

condylar (ellipsoid)

55
Q

both surfaces saddle-shaped, biaxial
(base of thumb: carpometacarpal joint)

A

saddle

56
Q

flat surfaces; usually biaxial(may be monoaxial)
(intertarsals, intercarpals)

A

plane (gliding)

57
Q

monoaxial
(elbow, knee, interphalangeal joints)

A

hinge

58
Q

one bone spins on axis of other bone; monoaxial
(atlantoaxial joint; radioulnar joint)

A

pivot

59
Q

movement that decreases joint angle; usually in sagittal plane (common in hinge joints)

A

flexion

60
Q

movement that straightens a joint and generally returns a body part to the zero position; usually in sagittal plane

A

extension

61
Q

further extension of a joint beyond the zero position

A

hyperextension

62
Q

away from the midline

A

abduction

63
Q

back towards the midline

A

adduction

64
Q

raises and lowers a body part

A

elevation and depression

65
Q

anterior movement in the transverse plane

A

protraction

66
Q

posterior movement in the transverse plane

A

retraction

67
Q

articulation of the mandibular condyle with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

A

temporomandibular (jaw) joint (TMJ)

68
Q

crosses the entire jaw joint and divides the joint cavity into 2 departments

A

articular disc

69
Q

prevents posterior displacement of the mandible

A

lateral ligament

70
Q

ligament on the medial side of the jaw

A

sphenomandibular ligament

71
Q

-radiating pain: jaw, face, neck, shoulders, back
- clicking sounds in jaw
-limitation of jaw movement
- severe headaches, vertigo, tinnitus

A

symptoms of TMJ disfunction

72
Q
  • trauma to the jaw, psychological tension, misaligned teeth
    -may involve displacement of articular disc, arthritis, muscle disorders
A

causes of TMJ disfunction

73
Q
  • stress management and physical therapy
  • analgesics, anti-inflammatories
    -corrective dentistry to align teeth
A

treatment of TMJ disfunction

74
Q

-head of humerus articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula
-cavity is very shallow
-glenoid labrum
-freely moveable joint

A

glenohumeral (humeroscapular) joint
(shoulder joint)

75
Q

ring of fibrocartilage that deepens glenoid cavity a little

A

glenoid labrum

76
Q
A

a&p 1 (1 decks)

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