Chapter 9 Islam Flashcards
Islam Design
does not denote a specific time in history
- Existed from the 7th century to present
- Does not denote a specific location
- does not denote a religion: because islamic design covers all aspects of life, including buildings, interiors and decorative elements design for secular use.
Factors that unified Islamic Design
culture, geographic, religious, political, temporal
Some of its characteristics
geometric
- sometimes having representational ornament
- vegetative or agricultural motif can be found in come islamic art
Islamic lands to be called the Rug belt.
- ties to nomadic past ion which personal belongings had to be.
- portable and durable, providing a waving tradition of hand knotting
- terrain and climate suitable for sheep grazing provides supplies of wool
Flux:
used to make linen
cotton: was intro ducted by?
India
Silk was from?
China
What does islam mean?
submission to god
- Prophet Muhammed founded islam in 622AD
- Islamic design could not have existed before that date
- Islamic design was devised to reveal islam on earth (similar to Gothic style strived to reveal christianity)
Koran:
sacred book of Islam
5 Obligations of Islam:
- Profession of faith
- Charity to the poor
- Daytime fasting during Ramadan
- Pilgrimage to Mecca once in lifetime
- ritual prayer, 5x a day, facing Mecca
Mosque:
A building dedicated for public worship
What is the Largest Mosque?
The Great Mosque at Sammara located North of Baghdad, 9th C.
2 major sects in Islam:
Sunni and the Shia
The Sunni:
were orthodox Muslims who held that, after Muhammad’s Death, leadership of the Islamic community was elective
The Shia:
held that Islamic leadership could only be hereditary, that is, only direct decedents of Muhammad could rule.
Sufism:
mystical and ascetic order that emerged from the Shia sect. later integrated into Sunni sects
Sufis were not only inclined to value the arts, but also to value the art of a specific kind:
ecstatic, allegorical, metaphorical, and rich ith layers of religious reference not immediately obvious.
Structure material varied depending on economic structure:
- Good times: use of stone, high levels of ornament, preservation of structures, precious and semi precious metals
- Times of despair: use of mud brick, low levels of ornament (if any) destruction of structures to re-use materials, precious + semi precious metals melted dow,
The most important building types of Islamic Architecture are?
religious buildings such as
- mosque
- the shrine
- the covent
- the mausoleum
- religious school called the MADRASA
Religious School Name?
Madrasa
Minaret:
a slender tower attached to -or near- a mosque from which the faithful can be called to prayer.
Within the Mosque (parts that make up the mosque)
- Central area, either open or covered, for praying
- a prayer niche or Mihrab (indicate direction of Mecca)
- Pulpit or Minbar: stood adjacent to the prayer niche, and a waster basins as nearby for ritual washing before prayers.
Mihrab:
indicates the direction of Mecca
-highly decorative, part of mosque interior
Minbar:
a prayer niche with water basin nearby
-highly decorated, carries honoring sultan during which rein it was constructed.
The Suleymaniye Mosque was built by who?
Built by Architect Sinan, he was chief architect for a series of powerful sultans, his previous works were mechanic and engineer.
Architecture of the Suleymaniye Mosque
Flooded with light
- Use of Corinthian columns
- Interior surfaces enriched with great quantities of tiles
- Carved wood shutters and doors, stained glass, carpets
- mosque lamps and Koran manuscripts and stand to hold them.
Famous Tile Maker?
Iznik
2 chief materials used in Suleymaniye Mosque
- Ivory colored stone on exterior
- dark gray lead for roofing
Horseshoe Arch
a semicircular shape above straight piers that narrows further below its spring line (imaginary horizontal line above which arch begins to curve).
-Some had round or pointed tips and were Foliate or cusped with small arcs or scallops cut into their intrados.
The Topkapi Palace home of Ottoman Sultans 15th C. -19th C.
Clear organization
- plan is pf scattered pavilions, kiosks, halls, harems, libraries, and service buildings, all meet in courtyard.
- Gigantic kitchen
- Tazar
Tazar:
slightly raised seating platform
The Private House:
From street view, presented plain blank walls
-Interiors would be built around as many as 4 courtyards
marble floors, high decorative ceilings.
The Tent
Islamic Tradition of Nomadic life, served not by permanent structure
The Famous Ardabile Carpet:
36Ft Long, too long to fit inside tent, must have been used outside
Islamic Ornament:
- representative of luxurious platen life, but highly stylized
- animal forms used less often
- human forms used scarcely
- allah NEVER USED
- geometry was a natural alternative to the depictions of humans and animals, squares, rectangles, hexagons, octagons, stars, infinite variations of forms are seen.
