Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry 111 > Chapter 9: Introduction to Solutions & Aqueous Reactions > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Introduction to Solutions & Aqueous Reactions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Aqueous Solutions

A

Solutions in which water acts as the solvent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Solution

A

A homogenous mixture of two substances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Solvent

A

The majority component of a solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Solute

A

The minority component of a solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dilute Solution

A

A solution that contains a very small amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Concentrated Solution

A

A solution that contains a very large amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Molarity (M)

A

A means of expressing solution concentration as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
M = amount of solute (mol)/volume of solution (L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stock Solution

A

A highly concentrated form of a solution used in laboratories to make less concentrated solution via dilution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dilution Equation

A

M1V1=M2V2
M1 = initial molarity of concentrated solution
V1 = initial volume of concentrated solution
M2 = molarity of final diluted solution
V2 = volume of final diluted solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Solution Stoichiometry

A

The volume and concentration of a reactant or product can be used to calculate its amount in moles. Then the stoichiometric coefficients in the chemical equation to convert the amount in moles of another reactant or product.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Conceptual Plan of Solution Stoichiometry

A

Volume A –> Amount A (moles) —> Amount B (moles) —> Volume B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Electrolyte

A

A substance that dissolves in water to form solutions that conduct electricity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Strong Electrolyte

A

A substance that completely dissociates into ions when dissolved in water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nonelectrolyte

A

A compound that does not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. It creates solutions called nonelectrolyte solutions that do not conduct electricity. Most molecular compounds (except acids) dissolve in water as intact molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nonelectrolyte Solutions

A

Solutions that do not conduct electricity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acids

A

Molecular compounds that ionize to form H+ ions when they dissolve in water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Strong Acid

A

An acid that completely ionizes in a solution.

- They are also strong electrolytes since they completely ionize in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Chemical Equation of a Strong Acid

A

Represent the complete ionization of a strong acid with a reaction arrow between the acid and its ionized form:
HCl (aq) –> H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)

19
Q

Weak Acid

A

An acid that does not completely ionize in water. Are classified as weak electrolytes.

20
Q

Chemical Equation of a Weak Acid

A

Represent the partial ionization of a weak acid with opposing half arrows between the reactant and product:
HC2H3O2 (aq) H+ (aq) + C2H3O2- (aq)

21
Q

Weak Electrolyte Solutions

A

The resulting solution of a weak acid.

22
Q

Weak Electrolyte

A

A substance that does not completely ionize in the water and only weakly conducts electricity in solution.

23
Q

Soluble

A

Describes a compound that is able to dissolve to a significant extent, usually in water.

24
Q

Insoluble

A

Describes a compound that is incapable of dissolving in water or extremely difficult to dissolve in water.

25
Q

Solubility of a Compound Containing L+

A

Soluble

26
Q

Solubility of a Compound Containing Na+

A

Soluble

27
Q

Solubility of a Compound Containing K+

A

Soluble

28
Q

Solubility of a Compound Containing NH4+

A

Soluble

29
Q

Solubility of a Compound Containing NO3-

A

Soluble

30
Q

Solubility of a Compound Containing C2H3O2-

A

Soluble

31
Q

Solubility of a Compound Containing Cl-

A

Soluble unless paired with Ag+, H2+2, or Pb2+.

32
Q

Solubility of a Compound Containing Br-

A

Soluble unless paired with Ag+, H2+2, or Pb2+.

33
Q

Solubility of a Compound Containing I-

A

Soluble unless paired with Ag+, H2+2, or Pb2+.

34
Q

Solubility of a Compound Containing SO42-

A

Soluble unless paired with Sr2+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Ag+, or Ca2+.

35
Q

Solubility of a Compound Containing OH-

A

Insoluble unless paired with Li+, Na+, K+, or NH4+. When paired with Ca2+, Sr2+, or Ba2+, the resulting compound is slightly soluble.

36
Q

Solubility of a Compound Containing S2-

A

Insoluble unless paired with Li+, Na+, K+, or NH4+, Ca2+, Sr2+, or Ba2+.

37
Q

Solubility of a Compound Containing CO32-

A

Insoluble unless paired with Li+, Na+, K+, or NH4+.

38
Q

Solubility of a Compound Containing PO43-

A

Insoluble unless paired with Li+, Na+, K+, or NH4+.

39
Q

Precipitation Reaction

A

A reaction in which a solid, insoluble product forms upon mixing two solutions.

40
Q

Precipitate

A

A solid, insoluble ionic compound that forms in, and separate from, a solution.

  • Only insoluble compounds form precipitates
  • If the possible products are both soluble, no reaction occurs and no precipitate forms
  • if one or both of the possible products are insoluble, a precipitation reaction occurs.
41
Q

Molecular Equation

A

A chemical equation showing the complete neutral formula for each compound in the reaction.

42
Q

Complete Ionic Equation

A

A chemical equation that lists individually all of the ions present as either reactants or products in a chemical reaction.

43
Q

Spectator Ion

A

An ion in a complete ionic equation that does not participate in the reaction and therefore remains in the solution. Spectator ions are emitted from the equation.

44
Q

Acid-Base Reactions (Neutralization Reactions)

A

An acid reacts with a base and the two neutralize each other, producing water or in some cases a weak electrolyte.

Chemistry 111 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions