Chapter 9 - Incidental Forgetting Flashcards

1
Q

Incidental forgetting

A

Memory failures occurring without the intention to forget.

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2
Q

Motivated forgetting

A

A broad term encompassing intentional forgetting as well as forgetting triggered by motivations, but lacking conscious intention.

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3
Q

Forgetting curve

A

The logarithmic decline in memory retention as a function of time elapsed, first described by Ebbinghaus.

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4
Q

Accessibility/availability:

A

Accessibility refers to the ease with which a stored memory can be retrieved at a given point in time. Availability refers to the binary distinction indicating whether a trace is or is not stored in memory.

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5
Q

Consolidation

A

The time-dependent process by which a new trace is gradually woven into the fabric of memory and by which its components and their interconnections are cemented together.

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6
Q

Interference

A

The phenomenon in which the retrieval of a memory can be disrupted by the presence of related traces in memory.

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7
Q

Trace decay

A

The gradual weakening of memories resulting from the mere passage of time.

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8
Q

Contextual fluctuation

A

The gradual and persistent drift in incidental context over time, such that distant memories deviate from the current context more so than newer memories, thereby diminishing the former’s potency as a retrieval cue for older memories.

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9
Q

Competition assumption

A

The theoretical proposition that the memories associated to a shared retrieval cue automatically impede one another’s retrieval when the cue is presented.

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10
Q

Cue-overload principle

A

The observed tendency for recall success to decrease as the number of to-be-remembered items associated to a cue increases.

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11
Q

Retroactive interference

A

The tendency for more recently acquired information to impede retrieval of similar older memories.

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12
Q

Proactive interference

A

The tendency for earlier memories to disrupt the retrievability of more recent memories.

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13
Q

Part-set cuing impairment

A

When presenting part of a set of items hinders your ability to recall the remaining items in the set.

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14
Q

Collaborative inhibition

A

A phenomenon in which a group of individuals remembers significantly less material collectively than does the combined performance of each group member individually when recalling alone.

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15
Q

Retrieval-induced forgetting

A

The tendency for the retrieval of some target items from long-term memory to impair the later ability to recall other items related to those targets.

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16
Q

Associative blocking

A

A theoretical process hypothesized to explain interference effects during retrieval, according to which a cue fails to elicit a target trace because it repeatedly elicits a stronger competitor, leading people to abandon efforts to retrieve the target.