chapter 9: hypothesis testing

Question 1

null hypothesis (H0)

Answer 1

the statement being tested

the null hypothesis is given the benefit of the doubt

not rejected unless there is a convincing sample that rejects it

Question 2

alternative hypothesis (Ha)

Answer 2

statement that is assigned the burden of proof

is accepted only if there is conning sample evidence that it is true

Question 3

in the null hypothesis testing, what is easier to establish first?

Answer 3

the. null hypothesis

you define the alternative hypothesis later on

Question 4

what is the two sided, not equal to alternative thingy?

Answer 4

when the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is simply not equal than the null hypothesis

Question 5

what is the one sided, greater than alternative thingy?

Answer 5

when the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is greater than null hypothesis

or vice versa

Question 6

what is the one sided, less than alternative thingy?

Answer 6

when the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is less than null hypothesis

or vice versa

Question 7

how doe we always formulate the null and alternative hypothesis?

Answer 7

in a way that involves an equality

Question 8

when do we reject a certain hypothesis in favor for its alternative using the test statistic?

Answer 8

when the z value is far enough from zero

Question 9

what is a type 1 error?

Answer 9

when we reject the null hypothesis (H0) when its true

Question 10

what is a type 2 error?

Answer 10

when we don’t reject the null hypothesis (H0) when we should

Question 11

what is the symbol denoted alpha?

Answer 11

the probability of Type 1 error

Question 12

what is the symbol denoted Beta?

Answer 12

the probability of Type 2 error

Question 13

if alpha is small ale¡ready, but gets even smaller by choice, what happens to Beta?

Answer 13

it becomes bigger

Question 14

whats the minimum alpha we usually set?

Answer 14

0.01

setting one smaller than that will result in a Beta too big

Question 15

what is the critical value rule

Answer 15

where we know the accepted value of alpha, we then use the sampling distribution of the test statistic z

we only reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis (or vice-versa) if the z value is bigger than Z alpha (will give a value of right hand tail)

Question 16

what is the level of significance of a test

Answer 16

the probability of a Type 1 error

Question 17

when do we have a statistical significance at a certain alpha level?

Answer 17

if we can reject the null hypothesis in favor of an alternative hypothesis at that level of significance alpha

Question 18

what is the p value

Answer 18

an alternative to using a critical value

the probability that we see a Z value that contradicts our null hypothesis even though this null hypothesis is true

it is the found Z value that will contradict the null hypothesis if its

Question 19

when do we choose to reject the null hypothesis with p value and z value

Answer 19

the Z value found must be greater than the corresponding z value of alpha

when the probability corresponding to the Z p value (right hand tail thing) is smaller than alpha

Question 20

what does it mean if the p-value for testing the null hypothesis (H0) is 0.10?

Answer 20

we have some evidence that the null hypothesis is false

Question 21

what does it mean if the p-value for testing the null hypothesis (H0) is 0.05?

Answer 21

we have strong evidence that the null hypothesis is false

Question 22

what does it mean if the p-value for testing the null hypothesis (H0) is 0.01?

Answer 22

we have very strong evidence that the null hypothesis is false

Question 23

what does it mean if the p-value for testing the null hypothesis (H0) is 0.001?

Answer 23

we have extremely strong evidence that the null hypothesis is false