Chapter 9- Human Transport Flashcards
circulatory system
system of tubes with a pump and valves to ensure a one-way flow of blood
single circulation system(in fish) 3
- 2 heart chambers
- blood absorbs oxygen in gills
- released in body cells then back to heart
double circulation system
- 4 heart chambers
- blood passes in heart twice
- oxygenated in lungs to heart to body back to heart
- this delivers great blood flow rate to tissues around the body as the heart pumps the oxygenated blood to and from the lungs
vena cava
large vein carrying deoxygenated blood to heart
right atrium
collects deoxygenated blood and pump it to right ventricle
right ventricle
pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs
pulmonary artery
carries deoxygenated blood from ventricle to lungs
septum
separates left and right side of the heart
pulmonary vein
carries oxygenated blood out and pump it to left atrium
left atrium
collects oxygenated blood and pumps it to left ventricle
left ventricle
pumps oxygenated blood to body through the aorta
aorta
carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle to rest of the body
tricuspid&bicuspid valves
prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract
pulmonary and aortic valves
prevents backflow into the ventricles from arteries
physical activity(effect on heart and reason)
makes the heart beat quicker and more deeply for an increased circulation of blood
l_>so that more oxygen and glucose can get to the muscles
coronary heart diesease(definition, causes, treatment)
coronary artery becomes blocked interrupting supply of blood to the heart muscle
- caused by smoking, drinking, poor diet, stress, genetics
- can be prevented by changing lifestyle
- can be treated with aspirins or surgical intervention
artery( definition and 2 adaptations)
transport high pressure blood away from the heart
- narrow lumen to keep blood at high pressure
- thick collagen and smooth muscle to prevent artery from bursting
vein(definition,2 adaptations)
transports low pressure blood into the heart
- wide lumen
- thin smooth muscle amd collagen level
capillary
allows substancs to diffuse into cells
-endothelial cells-one cell thick
lymphatic system
production of lymphocytes
circulation of bodily fluids
lymph nodes
many lyphocytes which filter lymph
blood composition
red blood cells,white blood cells, plasma, platelets
red blood cells
transport haemoglobin and oxygen
white blood cells
phagocytosis and antibody formation
platelets
clots blood
plasma
trasport of blood cells, ions, hormones
antigen
protein/carbohydrate on top of a pathogen which provokes immune system
antibody
y-shaped protein that fights off pathogens
phagocyte
- has nucleus which contains enzyme
- engulfs the pathogen
- enzymes in nucleus digest bacteria
lymphocyte
- kills bacteria with antibody
- large nucleus and produces antibodies
