Chapter 9- Human Transport

Question 1

circulatory system

Answer 1

system of tubes with a pump and valves to ensure a one-way flow of blood

Question 2

single circulation system(in fish) 3

Answer 2

• 2 heart chambers
• blood absorbs oxygen in gills
• released in body cells then back to heart

Question 3

double circulation system

Answer 3

• 4 heart chambers
• blood passes in heart twice
• oxygenated in lungs to heart to body back to heart
• this delivers great blood flow rate to tissues around the body as the heart pumps the oxygenated blood to and from the lungs

Question 4

vena cava

Answer 4

large vein carrying deoxygenated blood to heart

Question 5

right atrium

Answer 5

collects deoxygenated blood and pump it to right ventricle

Question 6

right ventricle

Answer 6

pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs

Question 7

pulmonary artery

Answer 7

carries deoxygenated blood from ventricle to lungs

Question 8

septum

Answer 8

separates left and right side of the heart

Question 9

pulmonary vein

Answer 9

carries oxygenated blood out and pump it to left atrium

Question 10

left atrium

Answer 10

collects oxygenated blood and pumps it to left ventricle

Question 11

left ventricle

Answer 11

pumps oxygenated blood to body through the aorta

Question 12

aorta

Answer 12

carries oxygenated blood from left ventricle to rest of the body

Question 13

tricuspid&bicuspid valves

Answer 13

prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract

Question 14

pulmonary and aortic valves

Answer 14

prevents backflow into the ventricles from arteries

Question 15

physical activity(effect on heart and reason)

Answer 15

makes the heart beat quicker and more deeply for an increased circulation of blood
l_>so that more oxygen and glucose can get to the muscles

Question 16

coronary heart diesease(definition, causes, treatment)

Answer 16

coronary artery becomes blocked interrupting supply of blood to the heart muscle

• caused by smoking, drinking, poor diet, stress, genetics
• can be prevented by changing lifestyle
• can be treated with aspirins or surgical intervention

Question 17

artery( definition and 2 adaptations)

Answer 17

transport high pressure blood away from the heart

• narrow lumen to keep blood at high pressure
• thick collagen and smooth muscle to prevent artery from bursting

Question 18

vein(definition,2 adaptations)

Answer 18

transports low pressure blood into the heart

• wide lumen
• thin smooth muscle amd collagen level

Question 19

capillary

Answer 19

allows substancs to diffuse into cells

-endothelial cells-one cell thick

Question 20

lymphatic system

Answer 20

production of lymphocytes

circulation of bodily fluids

Question 21

lymph nodes

Answer 21

many lyphocytes which filter lymph

Question 22

blood composition

Answer 22

red blood cells,white blood cells, plasma, platelets

Question 23

red blood cells

Answer 23

transport haemoglobin and oxygen

Question 24

white blood cells

Answer 24

phagocytosis and antibody formation

Question 25

platelets

Answer 25

clots blood

Question 26

plasma

Answer 26

trasport of blood cells, ions, hormones

Question 27

antigen

Answer 27

protein/carbohydrate on top of a pathogen which provokes immune system

Question 28

antibody

Answer 28

y-shaped protein that fights off pathogens

Question 29

phagocyte

Answer 29

• has nucleus which contains enzyme
• engulfs the pathogen
• enzymes in nucleus digest bacteria

Question 30

lymphocyte

Answer 30

• kills bacteria with antibody

- large nucleus and produces antibodies