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Criminal Psychology > Chapter 9 - Homicide, Assault, etc. > Flashcards

Chapter 9 - Homicide, Assault, etc. Flashcards

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1
Q

Homicide

A

the killing of a human being by another human being. if it is excused or justified, it is NOT criminal homicide. i.e., not all homicides are crimes.

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2
Q

Availability heuristic as related to violence

A

Cognitive shortcuts that allow people to make decisions quickly…exposure to sensational (but rare) stories via the media create the impression that violence is far more common than is actually the case.

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3
Q

Criminal homicide

A

Causing the death of another person without legal justification or excuse. Legally divided into two categories, murder and non-negligent manslaughter.

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4
Q

Murder

A

The unlawful killing of one human being by another human being with malice aforethought (premeditation), either expressed or implied.

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5
Q

Murder in the first degree

A

A homicide that was committed with particularly vicious, willful, deliberate, and premeditated intent.

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6
Q

Murder in the second degree

A

The intentional and unlawful killing of another, but without the type of malice and premeditation required for first-degree murder.

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7
Q

Negligent manslaughter

A

also referred to as involuntary manslaughter. The killing of another individual as a result of recklessness or culpable negligence. There is no intent to kill, but one should have known that actions taken could have or would result in the death of another.

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8
Q

Assault

A

The intentional inflicting of bodily injury on another person, or the attempt to inflict such injury. Many states simply use assault, but others differentiate assault as the threat of injury and battery as the actual contact.

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9
Q

Aggravated assault

A

An assault of attack that also includes the use of a deadly or dangerous weapon, (gun, knife, fists, etc.), where the purpose is to inflict serious bodily injury.

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10
Q

Simple assault

A

The unlawful, intentional inflicting of less than serious bodily injury without a deadly or dangerous weapon, or the attempt to inflict such bodily injury, again, without a deadly or dangerous weapon.

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11
Q

Demographic and other factors of homicide:

A
  • Race/ethnicity
  • Gender
  • Age
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Circumstances
  • Weapons
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12
Q

Typology

A

A particular system for classifying personality, motivations, or other behavioral patterns. Usually used to organize a wide assortment of factors or variables into a more manageable set of brief descriptions.

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13
Q

Typology Category 1

A

largest group. Offenders who committed a homicide that was precipitated by a general altercation or argument that escalated into a fight. Altercations were often over very small amounts of money, or property such as bikes.

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14
Q

Typology Category 2

A

Offenders who committed a homicide during the commission of a felony, such as a home invasion. Majority of these offenders had records of past criminal histories.

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15
Q

Typology Category 3

A

Offenders who committed a domestic violence-related homicide. Perpetrators were current/former spouses, cohabiting intimate partners, or girlfriends/boyfriends.

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16
Q

Typology Category 4

A

Offenders who were charged with a degree of homicide after an incident, usually involving automobiles. Most were driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

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17
Q

General altercation homicide

A

The result of hostile aggression. Is usually reactive and not premeditated.

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18
Q

Reactive violence

A

Hot-blooded, emotionally charged, and enacted quickly for the purpose of harming a perceived provocateur or defending oneself. Usually involves little instrumental aggression.

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19
Q

Felony murders

A

Homicides that occur in the process of committing a serious crime and are motivated by instrumental aggression (aggression for the sake of obtaining some object, reward, or status, etc. )

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20
Q

Proactive violence

A

Characterized by cold-blooded, nonemotional, and premeditated aggression for the purpose of personal gain, such as a robbery or bullying.

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21
Q

IPV (intimate partner violence)

A

The term used by researchers to characterize the physical, psychological, and sexual violence perpetrated by individuals in a present or past intimate relationship.

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22
Q

IPV w/ coercive control (battering)

A
  • ongoing pattern of coercive control
  • monitering of victim’s behavior outside the home
  • social isolation
  • pattern of abuse to wear down victim
  • physical and psychological injuries
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23
Q

Reactive violence

A
  • Victim has been abused over time
  • victim may use self-defense
  • victim may strike first to get violence over with
  • may be in a rage and retaliation mode
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24
Q

IPV without coercive control

A
  • atypical violence in retaliation

- follows conflict, such as finances, infidelity

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25
Q

Pathological violence

A
  • may be influenced by psychological problems

- may be influenced by brain injury or substance abuse

26
Q

Type 1 Batterers

A
  • abuse family members only
  • the most common and less aggressive than other types
  • more remorseful for actions
  • low to moderate alcohol abuse
27
Q

Type 2 Batterers

A
  • abuse family members due to emotional problems
  • labeled boarderline/dysphoric
  • tend to be depressed
  • emotionally volatile, high anger levels
  • display indicators of personality disorders and psychopathology
28
Q

Type 3 Batterers

A
  • violent towards family members as well as persons outside the family
  • labeled violent/antisocial group
  • criminally prone, violent across situations
  • likely to abuse alcohol
  • generally belligerent
  • likely to be seriously violent towards spouse
29
Q

Type 4: Low-level antisocial group

A
  • exhibited higher levels of violence and general antisocial behavior than the family-only group, but lower levels than the general violence group
30
Q

Family violence

A

Any assault, intimidation, battery, sexual assault, sexual battery, or any criminal offense resulting in personal injury or death of one family or household member by another who is or was residing in the same single-dwelling unit. At the heart of it is the perpetrator’s misuse of power, control, and authority.

31
Q

Maltreatment

A

Refers to all forms of abuse and/or neglect and can be divided into 5 types:

  1. physical abuse
  2. sexual abuse
  3. emotional abuse (most frequent)
  4. neglect
  5. abduction
32
Q

Physical abuse

A

Occurs when a parent willfully injures, causes injury, or allows a child to be injured, tortured, or maimed out of cruelty or excessive punishment

33
Q

Emotional abuse

A

Chronic pattern of behavior in which the child is belittled, denied love to promote specific behavior, or subjected to extreme and inappropriate punishment

34
Q

Emotional neglect

A

Failure to provide a child with appropriate support, attention, and affection

35
Q

Sexual abuse

A

Exploitation of a child or adolescent for another person’s sexual and control gratification

36
Q

Child neglect

A

Chronic failure of a parent or caretaker to provide a child with basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter, medical care, educational opportunity, protection, and supervision

37
Q

Missing and exploited

A

Kidnapping a child from a custodial parent, child abduction by strangers, or child sexual exploitation for child pornography, child prostitution

38
Q

National Survey of Children Exposed to Violence (NatSCEV)

A

One of the most comprehensive nationwide surveys that focused on the incidence and prevalence of children’s exposure to violence.

39
Q

Polyvictims

A

Those children who experience multiple victimizations over the course of their development such as parental abuse, sibling victimization, bullying, physical victimization by caretaker, sexual victimizations. Youths who had experienced four or more victimizations over the course of a single year.

40
Q

NISMART

A 
National
Incidence
Studies of
Missing
Abducted
Runaway, and
Throwaway Children
41
Q

Stereotypical abductions

A

Child abductions that end in tragedy - are rare, but receive considerable media attention, and have traumatizing affects on community, family, etc. Sexual motivation is a major factor in these abductions

42
Q

Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP)

A

Not a mental disorder listed in DMS-5, but nevertheless is a form of child abuse in which the parent (usually the mother) or parent, consistently and chronically bring a child in for medical attention with symptoms falsified or directly induced by the parent or parents.

43
Q

Abusive head trauma (shaken baby syndrome)

A

Also SBS, a parent or caretaker usually in anger, shakes a baby so hard that serious head injury results. Seems to be the leading killer of abused children (over 50%) and shaking is involved in many cases.

44
Q

Infanticide

A

The killing of an infant - usually carried out by a parent

45
Q

Neonaticide

A

The killing of a newborn within the first 24 hours after birth. Likely to represent an attempt to dispose of a problem, is not often indicative of a mental disorder, although that sometimes is the case.

46
Q

Filicide

A

The killing of a child older than 24 hours. More likely a reflection of parental depression or feelings of being overwhelmed. IS sometimes indicative of a mental disorder.

47
Q

Postpartum blues

A

characterized by crying, irritability, anxiety, confusion, and rapid mood changes. Symptoms may last for a few hours to a few days and are associated with childbirth and hormonal changes. There is no connection between postpartum blues and filicide or neonaticide

48
Q

Postpartum depression

A

Occurs in weeks and months after childbirth. Symptoms are depression, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, suicidal thoughts, apathy about newborn, etc. Does not appear to be completely linked solely to childbirth, unlike postpartum blues. More likely a recurring depressive disorder that existed prior to delivery and was brought on again by hormones, stress, etc. Not linked to filicide usually.

49
Q

Postpartum psychosis

A

A severe mental disorder that is rare, occurring in 1 out of every 1,000 women. Symptoms similar to serious bipolar depression, seem to be directly related to childbirth. Sometimes leads to mother’s suicide, in combination with attempt to kill infant.

50
Q

Elder abuse

A

Generally, when a victim is injured, neglected, or exploited because of vulnerabilities associated with age, such as impaired physical or mental capacities. A failure to meet basic needs of the individual under one’s care, such as providing food, housing, clothing, and health care.

51
Q

Eldercide

A

The murder of a person age 65 or older

52
Q

Siblicide

A

Sibling killing sibling

53
Q

Patricide

A

child killing one’s father

54
Q

Matricide

A

Child killing one’s mother

55
Q

Sororicide

A

Sibling killing one’s sister

56
Q

Fratricide

A

Sibling killing one’s brother

57
Q

Parricide

A

Child killing one or more of one’s parents

58
Q

Types of youth parricide

A
  1. severely abused child
  2. severely mentally ill child
  3. dangerously antisocial child
59
Q

Multiassaultive families

A
  • characterized by continual cycles of interfamilial physical violence and aggression
  • 7% of all intact families are considered multiassaultive
  • child maltreatment often accompanies IPV
  • Children from these families have a high rate of assault against nonfamily members
  • multiassaultive family members are violent and antisocia toward family and society, and these behavioral patterns continue through their lifetime.
60
Q

Cycle-of-violence hypothesis

A

A belief that individuals grow up to be abusive because they were abused themselves.

61
Q

Coercion theory

A

posit that coercive and punitive tactics in parenting increase the likelihood of later aggressive behavior and potential domestic violence.

Criminal Psychology (11 decks)

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