Chapter 9 History Flashcards
What limits the power of the gov’t and protects the rights of the individual?
Bill of rights
What amendments make up the Bill of Rights?
The first ten
What is the difference between a law and an amendment?
Law-a bill that gets passed
Amendment-a change to an existing law
How does an amendment get proposed?
2/3 of congress or 2/3 of the states
How does an amendment then get ratified?
3/4 of the state legislatures
What five civil liberties does the 1st Amendment protect?
Guarantees freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press & petition the government
What does the 2nd Amendment give you the right to own?
Firearms
What does the 4th Amendment protect you from? (Placed as a result of the Sugar Act)
Unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
What Amendment is important for people accused of committing crimes?
The 5th amendment
What amendment gives you the right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury?
The 6th amendment
What does the 9th Amendment keep the government from doing?
Claiming the BoR
What was given power in the 10th Amendment for protection?
States
Who were the first President and Vice President in American history?
George Washington and John Adams
What did each department of the Executive Branch deal with?
State-handle relation with other nations
Treasury-deal with financial matters
War-deals with nations defense
Who makes up the cabinet of the President?
Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Henry Knox, and the Attorney General
Who was the first Secretary of State and Secretary of Treasury?
Thomas Jefferson, and Alexander Hamilton
What job title did Alexander Hamilton hold?
Sec. of Treasury
What act established a federal court system?
The Judiciary act of 1789
What could federal courts do to state laws if deemed necessary?
Federal courts could overturn state laws
Who was John Jay?
1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
What is a national debt?
The amount the government owed
What did Alexander Hamilton want to do with state debts after the war?
Proposed a plan that would have the federal government take care if the state debts from the war
What area in America was against his plan and why did they feel this way?
The southern states were against this plan because they owed less than the northern states & would have to pay more than their fair share to compensate
Why did the South agree to accept Hamilton’s plan to lessen the national debt?
In exchange for the US capitol being moved to the south, Washington DC
Why did Hamilton feel that it was ok for him to create a national bank?
Hamilton said a national bank fell within the intent of the Constitution
What is a tariff?
Tax in imported goods
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
Why did Washington not want to run for a third term to the Presidency?
He believed that political parties divided people
What are 3 aspects of the Federalist Party?
Favored a strong federal government
Rule by wealthy
Loose interpretation of the const.
What are 4 aspects of the Democratic-Republican Party?
State banks
State governments
Rule by the people
Strict interpretation of the const.
How did Washington feel about political parties?
He believed that political parties divided people and kept the government from working together
What is favoring one side in a political decision?
Partisan
Before the Election of 1796, what was held for the first time to determine Presidential candidates?
Caucuses
What was the crisis with France involving three agents that tried to get money from America?
XYZ affair
Why were three acts created after the XYZ Affair?
Naturalization Act
Aliens Acts
Sedition Act
What was the Naturalization Act?
Required aliens to live in the US for 14 years before being able to apply for citizenship
What were the Alien Acts?
Allowed president to deport aliens
What was the Sedition Act?
A crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken the government
What Amendment did the Sedition Act contradict?
The first amendment
According to the 5th Amendment, natural rights cannot be taken away without what?
Due process of law
