Chapter 9 Highrise OPS Flashcards
Promotion
Pg333
A _____ fire can be one of the most unfriendly organizational forums in which to conduct operations and is an extreme challenge for Command
a. old law multiple dwelling
b. new law multiple dwelling
c. high rise
d. new millennium
high-rise
Pg333
In high rise fires the coordination of _____ as well as ensuring organizational control point positions are staffed early and adequately is essential.
a. telestaff
b. mutual aid
c. command staff
d. division supervisors
mutual aid
Pg333
In high rise fires _____ is often the order of the day as these incidents escalate to multiple-alarm proportions
a. Recon
b. mutual aid
c. command staff
d. division supervisors
Mutual aid
pg334
Interagency SOPs can find no greater application than in a ____ fire.
a. high-rise
b. old law
c. new law
d. basement
high-rise
pg334
Successful and safe high-rise operations are based on ___ and _____
command and control
pg334
Successful and safe high-rise operations are based on command and control. It is easiest to set expectations for this control prior to the incident. This is accomplished through proper
1. p____ planning.
2. effective i_____ recall.
3. s___ o___ p____.
4. comprehensive t____.
5.sound L____.
6. d____
- pre-fire
- information
- standard operating procedures
- training
- leadership
- Discipline
pg334
In high rise fires ____ —is the most important aspect of any of the preceding control elements.
a./ training
b. leadership
c. pre-fire planning
d. discipline
discipline
pg334
In high rise fires what assist our operations in ways that regular buildings we fight fires in do not?
- E____S____
- F____ D____
- S__ M__ that do not burn
- S___ S____
- Enclosed stairways
- Fire doors
- Structural material
- Sprinkler systems
pg334
True or False
Virtually no fire department fights a high-rise
fire alone.
True
pg334
The worst thing to have, other than no plan is ___
is two plans (or 3 or more).
pg334
The best action to take is ____ before the fire
a. reaction
b. proaction
c. no action
d. information gathering
proaction
pg334
Your ability to control the troops is directly proportional to how well you have _____ your companies and how well you have shared with others outside your department
a. trained
b. lead
c. teach
d. influenced
trained
pg334-335
The same page mentality fostered by a common SOP between assisting communities will
1. S____ the C____ S____
2. foster _____
3. Increase S___ of responders
- Strengthen the command structure
- Foster cooperation
- Increase safety of responders
pg334
____ is building is designed to keep the fire in its current location for longer than any other type of building we will face
a. old law
b. balloon frame
c. high rise
d. noncombustible construction
High rise
pg335
Due to ______, it is not uncommon to be confronted by very nasty conditions in the fire apartment or hallway if the apartment door was left open
a. time of day
b. reflex time
c. enroute time
d. operation cooperation
reflex times
pg335
Merely _____can cause fireballs of mythic proportions to roll out toward unsuspecting and unprepared fire personnel
a. opening a door
b. closing a door
c. opening the skylight
d. roof operations
opening a door
pg335
Check all doors for ___
heat
pg335
____ conditions along with introduced ____from uncoordinated ventilation can lambaste firefighters
Wind / oxygen
pg335
If the tenant has left the apartment ___, the hallway behind that stairwell fire door you are about to open can explode fire at you.
open
pg335
the need for someone to control the water supply inside the building, like a pump operator on the upper floor. This person is known in our SOP as ____
a. driver
b. Chauffeur
c. standpipe control
d. FDC operator
standpipe control
pg335
who’s job is it to ensure that the system flows, there are no obstructions, and that any pressure-reducing devices are removed.
a. driver
b. Chauffeur
c. standpipe control
d. FDC operator
stand pipe control
pg335
The standpipe control operational area is from ___ to the ___
the standpipe on the floor below the fire to the fire floor landing
pg335
They assist in ensuring that the line is prop-erly flaked out and advancing and coordinate the operational pressures with the water sup-ply operation.
a. driver
b. Chauffeur
c. standpipe control
d. FDC operator
standpipe control
pg335
In highrise fires ____ Contingency plan must be established
a. Communication
b. refill
c. rehab
d. Decon
communication
pg335
Communication alternatives include the use of ___ and ___
cell phones and text
pg335
In high-rises ___ may work when cell phones do not
TEXT
pg335
Although this takes longer, it may be used temporarily to give instructions on what system of communication to try next such as an alternate channel or the phone number of the lobby, front desk, security desk anything that would work in a pinch
TEXT
pg335
Another more success-oriented alternative is to direct the personnel operating in key areas (operations, staging, search, and evacuation) to liberate a ____ in a safe area where communications with the command post or dis-patch can be secured.
a. radio frequency
b. security radio
c. wall writing
d. landline
landline
pg335
____ are a last option, they should not be overlooked and can be used to deliver lobby phone numbers if texting doesn’t work
a. lobby security
b. runners
c. text
d. cell phones
runners
pg335
___ is 100 man fires
high rise fires
pg335
In high rise fires to keep the operation advancing in a positive direction, ensure additional ____ are summoned early
a. personnel
b. water
c. ewuipment
d. fire apparatus
personnel
pg335
It is likely that you may need ____ times the amount of personnel dispatched in the initial alarm to safely control the fire,
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
three
pg336
In order to control the fire, you must control the ____
a. utilities
b. fireground
c. water supply
d. flow paths
fireground
pg336
Establish _____ early to avoid the “kittens out of the box” situation where companies are not properly organized and directed to the proper operational area.
a. water supply
b. stand pipe operator
c. control points
c. lobby guy
control points
pg 336
Elevator control should not bring people to the fire floor instead they should be brought ___ floors below the fire
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
two
pg 336
Check how the ___ will affect your operation
a. water supply
b. time of day
c. height of building
d. wind
wind
pg 336
Check how the wind is going to affect your operation.
Go to the floor ____ the fire in the same
apartment line.
Open and access the area directly below the fire as if you were going to fight the fire there.
Open the hallway door, open the apartment door, and then open the apartment window.
If the wind blows through the apartment toward the hallway, be careful about ____ and be pre-pared for a fire-created window breakage that can push fire like a blowtorch toward attacking firefighters.
floor below / venting
pg336
Do not vent any fire apartment windows and keep the bulkhead door closed during the ____.
a. evacuation
b. attack
c. water supply
d. roof operations
attack
pg336
Two options can be utilized to help the attack.
1. One is to utilize a ____
2. ___ the stairwell
- fire curtain
- pressurize
pg336
___ seals the window and prevent wind from blowing the fire at the attack teams
a. fog nozzle
b. mechanical ventilation
c. horizontal ventilation
d. fire curtain
pg336
to pressurize the stairwell behind the attack by using an ____ from the ____ or in the _____
- electric fan
- floor below
- fire floor landing
pg336
Do not use ___ to pressurize the stairwell behind the attack
gas fans
pg336
The use of ___ might reverse the gases and heat back toward the fire apartment
gas fans
pg336
A severely vicious ____ condition may still overpower a fan pressurizing a hallway so be prepared for and ready to react to unintended consequences of alternative actions
a. wind
b. fire
c. water supply
d. temperature
wind
pg336
_____ is one of the hilliest urban areas in America, second only to San Francisco,)
North Hudson
pg336
In North Hudson because of ____ conditions caused by the terrain, hallways can turn into infernos
windy
pg336
Scout out where you will be going! This should be done by the _____ and checked out by a _____ as soon
as possible.
- first-arriving companies
- Chief officers
pg336
The simple act of going to the floor ___ the fire and checking the ___ and ____ of the apartment below the reported fire will be beneficial, not only to the orientation of those who have to attack the fire but also to those who have to conduct a primary search.
- below
- physical location and layout
pg337
True or False
we don’t save what is already lost
True
pg337
Fully involved apartments or hallways where the heat conditions are ungodly for firefighters
are not conducive to victim ____. Recognize that and make some attempt to ____ the fire before committing personnel to areas that are untenable.
- survival
- knock down
pg338
In high rise fires many
departments utilize a small diameter line for attack, either a____ inch line or a ___ inch line. With a ____ nozzle,
- 1-3/4
- 2 inch
- solid bore
pg338
if you can’t make it with the smaller line, the answer is not to stretch another small line, but to go with something ___ with more reach, penetration, and extinguishing power
bigger
pg338
True or false
If the air supply goes, so does the operation
true
pg338
A large portion of your equipment pool must be spare ____
a. decon wipes
b. water bottles
c. SCBA bottles
d. Pike poles / Halligans
SCBA cylinders
pg338
On High Rise fires you might want to direct, via SOP, that anyone coming in on additional alarms bring spare ___ to the resource division with them
cylinders
pg338
If you have an MSU with spare cylinders on it or spares on the apparatus at the scene, you might want to have a special ___ (or liberate one from the building) to shuttle SCBA upstairs.
a. Chauffeur
b. aid
c. cart
d. Resources
cart
pg338
___ for this air, plan who will bring it, and make sure it is enforced at all incidents.
Plan
pg338
Trying to fit our bread-and-butter tactics in
high rise fire situations does not work. It comes down to recognition of potential conditions by not under-estimating the fire’s potential, adjusting strategy and tactics, and fighting the fire based on the characteristics of the ___ and ____ and not on the one-size-fits-all mentality.
building / environment
pg338
Most modern high-rise buildings are class ____
a. class 1 fire resistive
b. class 2 limited / noncombustible
c. class 3. ordinary construction
d. class 4 heavy timber
1 fire-resistive construction
pg338
A working definition for a high-rise building is described as any _____
building over 75feet in height and equipped with a standpipe and/or sprinkler system.
pg338
The ____ of the building may or may not cooperate with your efforts to extinguish the fire. The degree of this cooperation will depend on Command’s ability to control the b___ s___ the mass of t___ assembled to fight such a fire, and the degree of c____ in the building
- design
- building systems,
- troops
- compartmentalization
pg338
Plans for personnel, deployment, and tactical reserve must be established beforehand via
a. mutual aid
b. automatic aid
c. 4th alarm
d. a and b
d
pg338
The high-rise ___ must
be comprehensive and adopted by the mutual-aid group so that all responding departments are on the same page
SOP
pg338
The most important aspect of a successful high-rise operation is the establishment of an efficient ___ organization.
a. command
b. water supply
c. fireground tactics
d. fireground strategies
command
pg338
Command must be prepared to reduce their span of control and decentralize the fireground by establishing organizational ____ to coordinate operations in specific areas of the building
a. fireground tactics
b. communication
c. command
d. control points
control points
pg338
Personnel assigned specific command responsibilities are essentially organizational _____ to assist in meeting command and control requirements.
a. control devices
b. control points
c. branches
d. divisions
control devices
pg338
Incident commanders who fail to delegate ____ for the various areas of the building will be quickly overwhelmed.
responsibility
pg338-339
Most unsuccessful high-rise operations are the result of uncoordinated, unorganized ____ and violations of the principle of _____
- operations
- Span of control
pg339
Realize that a ___ is an ally
a. the wind
b. height of the building
c. decon ops
d. fire resistive buildings
fire resistive building
pg339
It is designed to hold the fire in place while at the same time allowing the occupants to flee the fire apartment or be protected in place.
a. ordinary construction
b. heavy timber
c. lightweight wood frame construction
d. fire resistive building
fire resistive building
pg339
The only ways the fire can get out of the apartment are if the apartment door is left open or via ____
a. auto exposure
b. manual exposure
c. stairwell exposure
d. roof exposure
auto exposure
pg339
North Hudson Regional Fire typically attacks residential high-rise fires with ___ -inch attack hose connected to a ____ whereby a second line can be stretched
2 inch witha gated wye
pg339
In North Hudson ___ amount of firefighters suffered burns due to inadequate water flow
19
pg339
In a high rise fire If no other options are avail-able, consider allowing a _____ burn by closing the doors and letting the fire consume the fuel
a. vent controlled
b. exposure controlled
c. fuel controlled
d. all the above
vent-controlled
pg339
The challenge for Command and the responding companies is to control the ____ factor, find out where the fire is, figure out the best way to access it, assemble sufficient amount of attack and supervisory personnel to the fire area (including tactical reserve), get the lines and support in place, and put it out
- freak-out
pg 340
The establishment of ___ is the first and
most important control operation to take place at a high-rise (or any) fire
a. command
b. construction
c. control points
d. communication
command
pg 340
The establishment of command is the first and
most important control operation to take place at a high-rise (or any) fire. The next responsibility is to begin establishing ___ to serve as gates or access points to operational areas.
a. command
b. construction
c. control points
d. communication
control points
pg 340
Strategically placed and well managed forward ___ and ____ positions will give the fire forces the best chance for success at this difficult fire situation
command / support
pg 340
_____ must be established to most efficiently meet the three rules of fire-ground operations: get ‘em in safe, work ‘em safe, and get ‘em out safe. These three little rules are the basis for any fireground operation, but they are critical at a high-rise fire
A. Department operations
B. Organizational gates
c. Department SOPS
d. Department SOGS
Organizational gates
pg 340
These three little rules are the basis for any fireground operation and is critical in high rise
- get em in safe
- work em safe
- get em out safe
pg 340
it is imperative to establish, manage, and maintain several control points when fighting high-rise building fires. These include the following:
1. C____ post
2. Command c____—not a control point, but a tool to assist in incident management
3. R___ and I___ company—same as above
4. L___ C___ Post
5. E___ control
6. O____ division
7. R___ division
8. R____ and E___ division
9. S___ and E___ division
- Command post
- Command Company
- Resource and inventory
- Lobby control post
- Elevator Control
- Operations division
- Resource division
- Rehab and EMS division
- Search and evacuation (SAE) division
pg340
A ___ must be established in the building lobby or other designated area.
a. control point
b. search and evacuation division
c. resource division
d. rehab division
command post
pg 240
A good place for the command post is at the building communications desk. This will afford access to building _____ systems,
_____ equipment, and ____
- communication
- alarm annunciation
- building personnel
pg 341
Liaison with ____ personnel should be established immediately.
a. vent teams
b. utilities
c. building maintenance
d. all the above
building maintenance
pg 341
A set of ____ should be made available and a copy should be sent up to the operations division.
a. building keys
b. building access cards
c. building floor plans
d. all the above
building floor plans
pg 341
Computerized ___ and ____ may also be beneficial if available in eyeing up conditions
floor plans / closed circuit TV
pg 341
Fire department personnel should control and ensure the proper operation of the following building systems:
- Operation of f___ p___
- Shutting down the h___systems
- Control of e___
- Initiation and use of any specialized c___ systems
- A____ systems
- Fire pumps
- HVAC
- elevators
- communications
- alarm
pg 341
Early control of building ____ will
allow the command structure to expand in an organized manner
a. communications
b. plans
c. lobby
d. elevators
communications
pg 341
From the command post, a strategy can be formulated to mitigate the incident based on reports of ___ generated in the fire area.
a. water
b. conditions
c. elevator operation status
d. construction hazards
conditions
pg 341
Additional alarms should be transmitted with ____ in mind.
a. wind direction
b. building material
c. reflex time
d. progress report times
reflex time
pg 341
Responding companies should report to an established apparatus ____ that should be close enough to the building so the reflex time is not so long, but far enough away so as not to endanger personnel or apparatus with falling glass and other hazards from the building.
staging area
pg 341
An often overlooked matter that Command should order is the ____ in high rise fires
a. manifold
b. 2 FDC
3. silencing of the alarms
d. all the above
silencing of the alarms
pg 341
In the initial stages of an incident, Command must take actions to prevent being overwhelmed while trying to sort out the mountain of preliminary information being directed to the command post. An option is to request a ____ , sometimes called a support company
a. command company
b. engine company
c. alarm company
d. all the above
a command company
pg 341
A support company can be either a
- e___ c___
- a__ c___
- s___ c___
- engine company
- alarm company
- special company
pg 341
The ____ operates to support command post activities
a. engine company
b. alarm company
c. special call
d. command company
command company
pg 341
a command company is referred to as a __
support company
pg 341-342
Some of the functions the officer may perform include the following:
- As incident s___ o___
- Assigned to the command post to assist in c___ f____
- As the w__ s__ officer,
* r__ d__ supervisor,
* c____ officer, or other command positions - As a d___ supervisor
- As an o__ t__ officer, documenting calls from the upper floors and prioritizing their degree of seriousness
- safety officer
- command functions
- water supply / rehab division / communications
- division
- occupant tracking
pg342
In instances where more than three engine companies are assigned to the response, the incident commander can choose to use the first-arriving engine company as a ____ company
a. attack
b. command
c. safety
d. ventilation
command
pg342
Firefighters may be utilized in the following
manner:
- A____ their officer with assigned duties
- Being assigned to other o___
- Operating as a___ to supervisors of the operations and resource divisions
- Initiating a____ procedures, such as setting up a command board and coordinating the accountability of companies as they report in to the command post.
- Peripheral duties such as s___ a___, checking on the status of f___ p___, shutting down u ___and H___ systems, and coordinating S ___filling operations
- Supplementing the personnel contingent of R___ teams
- A ____ the apparatus staging officer or resource division officer in demobilization activities
- Assisting
- officers
- aides
- accountability
- silencing alarms, fire pumps, utilities , HVAC, SCBA
- RIC
- Assisting
pg342
In a three-person engine company, the officer becomes the initial ___ division supervisor, coordinating the attack on the fire floor at the outset of the operation
a. attack
b. water supply
c. rehab
d. operations
operations
pg342
The chauffeur becomes the ____control
a. elevator
b. stairwell
c. SAE
d. roof
elevator
pg342
The third firefighter becomes a ____ at the command post
a. lobby control
b. stairwell control
c. elevator control
d. command aide
command aide
pg342
If a fourth firefighter is assigned, this firefighter can operate as the ___ to the officer, the initial operations division supervisor.
a. lobby control
b. stairwell control
c. elevator control
d. aide
aide
pg342
___ and ___ (essentially firefighter safety) are more important than the attack operation in the initial stages of the fire.
Command and control
pg342
The assignment of a ____ company is not exclusively reserved to a high-rise operation. It should be utilized whenever the incident commander foresees a need to delegate specific functions on the fireground.
a. elevator company
b. command company
c. engine company
d. stairwell company
command
pg342
The _____ is established as the control organization literally builds from the bottom up.
a. elevator company
b. SAE team
c. RIC team
d. lobby control post
lobby control post
pg342
Initial lobby control may be handled by the member designated ____ , but this responsibility should be assigned to another officer as quickly as possible
a. Stairwell control
b. Water supply
c. Elevator control
d. all the above
elevator control
pg342
The ____ post is the access or jump-off point to upper floor operations, the gatekeeper, so to speak.
a. Command post
b. Lobby control
c. Elevator control post
d. Apparatus staging area
lobby control
pg342
The _____ is responsible for funneling the crews from the command post to the proper elevator or stairwell to ensure they arrive safely at the resource division on the designated floor
a. Elevator control officer
b. Lobby control officer
c. Roof division supervisor
d. Firefighter
lobby control officer
pg342
The ____ is the foundation of the personnel accountability system at an incident Many departments assign this function to the accountability officer
a. Command post
b. Lobby control
c. Elevator control post
d. Apparatus staging area
lobby control post
pg342
No personnel are to be admitted to an upper operational area without first passing through the ___
a. Command post
b. Lobby control post
c. Elevator control post
d. Apparatus staging area
lobby control post.
pg342
____ This vital position is usually staffed by one of the members of the first-arriving companies.
a. Command post
b. Lobby control post
c. Elevator control
d. Apparatus staging area
Elevator control.
pg342
____ operates as a personnel and equipment shuttle between the lobby and the resource division two floors below the fire.
a. Command post
b. Lobby control post
c. Elevator control
d. Apparatus staging area
Elevator control
pg342
The elevator must be placed in the ___ mode as soon as it is captured
fire service
pg342
It must be strictly enforced that elevator control not operate any higher than ___ floors below the lowest reported fire floor unless there are known blind shafts present that allow the elevator to access areas above the fire with no possibility of ___ on the fire floor
two / opening
pg343
____ should be kept in the
elevator in case there is a need to force open the elevator doors during a malfunction or unintended electrical shutdown.
a. water can
b. foam
c. Forcible entry tools
Forcible entry tools
pg343
The member placed in charge of elevator control must not relinquish this position until ____ or properly relieved by fire department personnel at the orders of a ___officer.
incident termination / chief
pg343
A key responsibility of the member assigned
elevator control is to limit the amount of ___ and ___ that enters the elevator at any given time
personnel / Equipment
pg343
elevators, especially in older high rises, were just not designed to handle the load placed on it by __ and their ___
firefighters / equipment.
pg343
Depending on the elevator’s age and weight limit, it is usually not a good idea to place more than __ or __ firefighters and their equipment inside the elevator. This number includes the elevator control firefighter.
four or five
pg343
In elevators you should check the ___ placard inside the car
occupant and weight load
pg343
At incidents where elevator use is not warranted, the elevators should still be recalled to the __, ___, and placed under the control of the ___ to prevent any occupants from using the elevators
lobby / search / fire department
pg343
placing the elevators under ____ helps ensure that they are unavailable for occupant or unauthorized firefighter use.
fire service control
pg343
Placing ___ tape across the elevator area also prevents any unauthorized use
barrier
pg343
The best action to take may be to ___ and ____ to ensure that all unauthorized use is prevented.
shut the elevator down l lock out operating controls
pg343
The second-arriving chief officer, usually a battalion chief, will be designated as the ____ division supervisor and will set up the operations division one to two floors below the fire.
a. safety
b. accountability
c, operations
d. EMS
operations
pg343
C___ and C__ is critical in this early operational period and must be initiated as soon as possible
command and control
pg343
If things are going to go wrong, they will usually do so during this ___ phase of operation.
initial
pg343
It is critical that someone take command of the fire floor operation prior to the operations division being formally established. The best person to perform this function is the _____ (command company officer) in the fire area.
first-arriving company officer
pg343
Ideally, this officer should stay out of the hands-on operation and become both the fire attack coordinator and the communications link between the fire area and Command until relieved by the designated operations division supervisor.
first-arriving company officer
pg343
The designated chief officer will establish a
formal ____division
a. operations
b. water
c. fire escape
d. safety
operations
pg343
The location of the operations division should be in close proximity to the ____ stairwell,
attack
pg343
One of the most important responsibilities of the operations division supervisor, whoever it is early on, will be to establish an ____ and, if possible, an ___ and ___ and relay this information to the command post.
attack stairwell / evacuation and ventilation stairwell
pg343
The ___ division supervisor will be responsible for operations on the fire floor and floor above.
operations
pg343 - 344
It is crucial to have an ___ assigned to the operations division who will remain at the operations division when the supervisor is operating elsewhere.
a. battalion chief
b. EMS captain
c. ladder company
d. aide
aide
pg 344
The operations division must furnish progress
reports to the command post at regular intervals, informing Command of current c____ as well as p__ and e____ requirements.
conditions / personnel and equipment
pg 344
It is best to operate on at least ___ frequencies—one as the ___ channel and the other as the o___, f____, or t___channel.
two / command / operations, fireground, tactical
pg 344
If standpipe ____ are available, they should be utilized because portable radios are often inefficient in these buildings
a. cribbing
b. telephones
c. radio frequencies
d. computers
telephones
pg 344
Control point supervisors should not overlook the ___ tactic. An apartment or office in the operations division or other control point area can be liberated for use as a sort of upper floor field office. Here, phones can be used to relay information to the command post, between control point areas, and possibly dispatch
a. phone stock
b. phone assit
c. cellphone kidnap
d. phone kidnap
phone kidnap
pg 344
____ supervisors must be flexible and creative in their approach to keep command informed.
Division
pg 344
The ____ chief is also responsible for keeping an account of companies operating in assigned areas. One simple way is by using a black felt-tip p___ and a w___ to account for personnel
operations
pen / wall
pg 344
The initial personnel complement assigned to the operations division should be at least ___ and ___ on the fire floor, and the same on the floor above.
two engines and a ladder company
pg 344
The ___ team will be positioned at the operations division, properly equipped and at the ready.
a. Ventilation
b. Water Supply
c. RIC
d. Forcible Entry
RIC
Pg345
The ____ division should be established next and located one floor below the operations division
a. resource
b. rehab
c. SAE
d. Lobby
resource
Pg345
____ is the jump-off point for companies reporting to the operations division for assignment.
a. resource
b. rehab
c. SAE
d. Lobby
Resource Division
Pg345
____ division is set up after the operations division
resource
Pg345
The resource division will also be staffed by a ___ officer and possibly an aide.
a. chief
b. company
c. EMS captain
d. dispatch
chief
Pg345
why is the resource division set up after the operations division?
____
because the companies on the initial alarm will be working in the operations area,
Pg345
The _____ division supervisor is responsible for accounting and staging all reporting companies.
a. operating
b. logistics
c. supply
d. operations
resource
Pg345
The ____ division also stores equipment that will supply the operations division
a. resource
b. roof
c. ventilation
d. stairwell
resource
Pg345
The resource division supervisor must coordinate personnel and equipment requirements with
- ___
2.___
3.____
- Command Post
- Operation Division
- SAE Division
Pg345
Strive to keep the resource division
staffed with at least ___ at all times
two engine companies and one ladder or rescue company
Pg345
Possibly the most valuable equipment required at the resource division will be extra ____
a. handlines
b. water supply
c. personnel
d. SCBA cylinders
SCBA cylinders.
Pg345
___should assign responsibility for bringing spare air cylinders to the resource division.
a. the department
b. SOPs
c. Chief officers
d. Incident Commanders
SOPs
Pg345
When two or three high-rise packs or hose bundles, lifelines, hydraulic forcible entry tools, and TICs are brought upstairs,
all additional
personnel responding should be adding to the stockpile of ____ to keep the operation moving
a. forcible entry tools
b. water cans
c. NY hooks
d. SCBA cylinders
SCBA cylinders
Pg345
Some new high-rises have been built with an ____ where there is either a central cascade system supplying air manifolds on designated floors or a fire department connection (FDC) for the MSU on the exterior of the building to allow an external source to supply air to the system.
a. air standpipe
b. air FDC
c. dry sprinklers
d. air mixed sprinklers
air standpipe
Pg346
The____ company works with the resource division supervisor and is responsible for equipment gathering and accounting as well as coordinating an SCBA shuttle to the resource division.
a. enclosed and open stair well company
b. forcible entry and ventilation company
c. The resource and inventory
The resource and inventory (R&I)
Pg346
They are essentially the store-keepers of the operation, ensuring adequate equipment is either in place or on its way.
a. enclosed and open stair well company
b. forcible entry and ventilation company
c. The resource and inventory
The resource and inventory (R&I)
Pg346
____company is responsible for the maintenance of equipment pools and the requesting of additional equipment as the needs arise
a. enclosed and open stair well company
b. forcible entry and ventilation company
c. The resource and inventory
The resource and inventory (R&I)
Pg346
further duty for the
resource division supervisor is to set up a ___ division one floor below the resource division
a. decon
b. SAE
c. R&I
d. rehab
rehab
Pg346
What should be made available in the Rehab Division?
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Medical personnel
- equipment
- water
- food
Pg346
It is the responsibility of the ___ division supervisor to send companies to the rehab division for relief, while still maintaining proper staffing levels at the resource division.
a. SAE
b. R&I
c. Ventilation
d. resource
resource
pg346
(R&I) means
Resource and inventory company
pg346
the rehab division is one floor below the ___
resource division
pg346
The ____division operates above the fire
a. resource
b. rehab
c. SAE
d. operations
SAE
pg346
Progress reports regarding ____ on the fire floor must be furnished by the operations division to the SAE division at regular intervals.
a. conditions
b. time
c. location and extent
d. water supply
conditions
pg346
The ____ division should be established in a safe area in close proximity to the elevators and/or stairwells where there is a standpipe telephone jack or a telephone
a. resource
b. rehab
c. SAE
d. operations
SAE
pg346
The responsibility of the ___ division supervisor is to recon all floors from two floors above the fire to the roof.
a. RIT
b. rehab
c. SAE
d. operations
SAE
pg346
The SAE Division operations include a search for fire extension, especially in ___ areas and ___ closets.
shaft / utility
pg346
The main function of the SAE division is to determine whether occupants should be ___ or ___ in place based primarily on information received from the ____ division.
evacuated / protected / operations
pg346
If evacuation is not necessary, residents already out in the hallways and especially in the stairwells can be placed in nearby ____ with neighbors until the emergency is over; this is also known as horizontal evacuation.
apartments
pg346
Any occupants who must be evacuated must be brought down designated ____
a. enclosed stairwell
b open stairwell
c. fire escape
d. evacuation stairwells.
evacuation stairwells.
pg346
The SAE division should be staffed with at least ____ companies at all times
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
four
pg346
Split these companies into two teams, assigning one team of two companies to search from the ____ while the other team of two companies searches from ____
- roof down
- two floors above the fire upward
pg346
Progress reports of search results and conditions should be made to the SAE division every ____ floors
a. 5
b. 3
c. 2
d. 3
five
pg346
It is the responsibility of the ___ division supervisor to keep the operations division informed of the status of SAE division operations and conditions as well as coordinate personnel needs with the resource division
SAE
pg347
The term ___ is used for above the fire high rise work and was established in ___
RATs / Chicago
pg347
RATs mean
a. rapid attack team
b. rapid ascent team
c. rapid aerial team
d. rapid action team
Rapid Ascent team
pg347
____ these companies are utilized to quickly access and clear the stairwells in the attack stairwell above the fire.
a. RIT
b. RAT
c. RIC
RATs
pg 347
Rapid ascend teams are entirely dedicated to the ___
stairwell
pg 347
_____ assignment will be the fuel that
drives the high-rise operation
a. resource and inventory
b. operations
c. control point
d. rapid ascent teams
Control point
pg 347
a _____ can exist within a department when acting officers are charged with filling in positions that they would not normally staff on a day-to-day basis
a. command vacuum
b. command crisis
c. command issue
d. command leadership
command vacuum
pg 347
____ can cause brain scramble
a. Rapid situation escalation
b. Rapid department promotion
c. Loss of department moral
Rapid situation escalation
pg 347
The degree to which the brain can be scrambled is directly proportional to how quickly the situation ____, and how far removed that person is from his or her ___zone
escalates / comfort
pg 347
North Hudson Regional Fire and Rescue has placed a ____ in service to assist those officers acting out of position in confidently carrying out their assigned duties
high-rise command kit
pg 347
This high-rise command kit enables anyone who can read to function as a ____
a. safety officer
b. command officer
c. control point
d. rehab supervisor
control point
pg 347-348
The high-rise command kitconsists of several laminated clipboards on which the duties of the ___ divisions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In addition, the battalion and deputy cell phone numbers are on the bottom of each sheet.
- incident commander, operations
- division supervisor,
- resource division supervisor,
- search and evacuation division supervisor,
- rehab division supervisor have been attached.
pg348
The ____ also contains a laminated NHRFR high-rise quick reference guide (based on the SOP), dry erase markers, permanent markers, grease pencils and pads for making notes
high rise kit
pg348
The high-rise command kit is carried in the ____ vehicle
a. command
b. first arriving apparatus
c. all engine companies
d. fire inspector
command
pg348
The dry erase markers and grease pencils are used to check off the ____ outlined on the clipboards; the permanent markers can be used to set up crude upper floor ____ systems in the areas of operation
duties / accountability
pg348
Having the clipboard permits a review of ___ in the elevator on the way up.
a. reps
b. duties
c. time management
d. progress reports
duties
pg348
Operations on ____ ground are where costly organizational mistakes can be made
unfamiliar
pg348
Having an information-____ system such as a command kit at your fingertips will assist in guiding fire-ground managers in constructing and maintaining an effective command organization.
a. organized
b. cell phone
c. recall
recall
pg349
____ high-rises are designed to contain a fire within the area of origin
a. Non combustible
c. Ordinary construction
b. Fire resistive
Fire resistive
pg349
in a blast furnace hallway, wind-driven heat is blown directly at the ___ teams
a. ventilation
b. stairwell
c. attack
attack
pg349
The ____ occurs when the doors and windows of the fire apartment are left open or broken out, either by the fire or uncoordinated fire operations, and the prevailing wind is blowing from the windows toward the entry door and down the hallway toward the attack team
a. Roll over
b. Blast furnace hallway
c. Flash over hallway
d. Backdraft in hallway
blast furnace hallway
pg349
___ -inch lines be used for commercial high-rises with a ___ nozzle
2-1⁄2
solid bore
pg349
___ -inch lines be used for residential high-rises with a __ nozzle
2in
solid bore
pg349
If the fire floor or apartment is still untenable, some creative solutions may be in order. These include
- A___ lines advanced in tandem
- M _____streams from the exterior if they reach the fire floor
- lightweight interior d____ sets from the hallway
- b____ the wall of the apartment next door and apply a large diameter handline into the fire area to cool it down through i____ attack.
- another alternative is the d___ c___
- attack lines advanced in tandem
- master streams from the exterior if they reach the fire floor
- deluge
- breach / indirect
- draft curtain
pg349
_____ is made of material similar to a welder’s tarp, it is draped in front of the fire apartment windows from the floors above to cut off the effect of the wind, returning the fire to a vent-controlled fire condition and allowing the attack team to advance
a. metal tarp
b. draft curtain
c. booms
draft curtain.
pg349
when using a ___ The prevailing wind blows the tarp against the building, sealing off the window and easing conditions in the hallway.
draft curtain
pg350
Extreme heat conditions due to the compart-mentalization characteristics of fire-resistive construction may cause the ____ of concrete in the fire area
a. spalling
b. breakage
c. solidifying
spalling
pg350
Concrete is nearly ____ when it is poured.
liquid
pg350
As it hardens or cures, much of the moisture evaporates out of it; some of the moisture always remains trapped in the concrete. This moisture expands when heated and causes ___ , or the localized ____ of an area due to this expanding moisture.
spalling / collapse
pg350
Caused strictly by direct flame contact at temperatures around _____°F, spalling will result in small pieces or even relatively large chunks of concrete being jettisoned from the structural mass of concrete
a. 1,700
b. 2,200
c. 1,200
d. 2,000
2,000
pg350
If a fire from below heats a steel roof or floor deck upon which concrete has been poured, it may actually cause the concrete to ___ or ____
collapse or spall upward
pg350
_____ keeps the concrete from dropping down toward the heat source
a. copper decks
b. metal rods
c. iron rods
d. steel decks
steel deck
pg350
The key to the spalling threat is directly related to the amount of ____ present in the concrete.
a. thickness
b. dry time
c. age
d. moisture
moisture
pg350
Just like wood, the longer the concrete is in place, the less ____ will be present
moisture
pg350
Wood that has been in place for long periods of time is drier, and therefore easier to ___
ignite
pg350
Concrete that is in place for a long period of time will also have less moisture, but that makes it more resistant to ___
spalling
pg351
The high-rise fire is often referred to as the ____
a. 100 year old fire
b. 100 man fire
c. 50 man fire
d. all access granted
100-man fire
pg351
In a high rise fire it is important to ___ fire responses
a. front load
b. setback
c. fly out
d. step down
front load
pg351
In departments that do not have the luxury of additional companies, an automatic ____ should be established for immediate dispatch to bolster on-scene resources with the least amount of delay.
a. dispatch
b. resource
c. aid pack
d. RATs
aid pact
pg351
Setting up organizational structure to initiate control tactics at a high-rise fire requires about a ___ personnel.
a. 1
b. 5
c. 6
d. dozen
dozen
pg351
A solid mutual-aid agreement that creates a command task force between several municipalities is a step toward ensuring supervision-created ___ .
safety
pg351
___ is the time that lapses from when you first think you need a resource to the time that it is operating at the scene or at least standing by in staging.
a. enroute time
b. arrival time
c. dispatch time
d. reflex time
Reflex time
pg351
The more companies needed and the more alarms struck, the further away they are, and the further away they have to travel this is known as the ___
a. reflex time
b. the bull’s-eye effect
c. reflex effect
(the bull’s-eye effect)
pg351
Staggering alarms can find no greater use than in a serious ____ fire
a. old law
b. new law
c. lightweight wood
d. high rise
high-rise
pg351
____ high-rise buildings are system-dependent structures
a. modern
b. old
c. millennium
Modern
pg351
Critical building systems and what you should know about them
a. Communications
- Where the c___ c____ for the building is l___
- If s___ t____ are available
- Where r___ d___ s___ may be located
- communications center / located
- standpipe telephones
- radio dead spots
pg352
Critical building systems and what you should know about them
b. Elevators
- Location of k____
- Which e____ serve which areas, including blind s____ and sky l___
- Where the e___ c___ room is located
- keys
- elevators / shaft /lobbies
- elevator control
pg352
Critical building systems and what you should know about them
HVAC systems
- Where system d____ controls are located
- How to access the d____ shafts
- Location of any emergency p__ s___
- Extent of HVAC cov____
- deactivation
- duct
- power sources
- coverage
pg352
Critical building systems and what you should know about them
d. Auxiliary appliances
- Location of f___ d__ c___
- What each fire department connection s___
- How to s___ the sys___ d___ and dr___ it
- Where the a___ p___ is to ___ alarms after the fire is located
- fire department connections
- serves
- shut the system down and drain it
- alarm panel / silence
pg352
Critical building systems and what you should know about them
e. Fire pumps
- Location of p___
- How to o___ pumps
- How to o___ the system
- *
- pumps
- operate
- override
pg352
Critical building systems and what you should know about them
f. Building maintenance personnel
- Who the reliable ____ people are
- B____ availability
- First-hand know____of building features and systems
- contact
- Blueprint
- knowledge
pg352
Critical building systems and what you should know about them. They include 6 items
- Com_____
- Ele___
- H____ S___
- Aux____ A____
- Fir____ P___
- Bui___ M____ per_____
- Communication
- Elevators
- hvac systems
- Auxiliary appliances
- Fire pumps
- Building maintenance personnel
pg353
___ familiarization on a regular basis will help reduce unfavorable game-day concerns.
a. tools
b. fire truck
c. fire apparatus
c. building
Building
pg353
Knowing where the ___ systems are located and how they can be used to your advantage will positively affect the fire situation every time
a. water
b. building
c. fire escape
d. elevators
building
pg353
____ are utilized on Class III standpipe systems where occupants may be expected to operate a hoseline.
a. Pressure reducers
b. Pressure governor
c. Pressure relief valves
d. Pitot tube
Pressure reducers
pg353
Because building occupants are not trained to handle pressurized fire streams,____ are added to the system, usually in the area of the hoseline connection or the operating valve.
a. Pressure reducers
b. Pressure governor
c. Pressure relief valves
d. Pitot tube
pressure reducers
pg353
Firefighters must be familiar with the various types of pressure reducers that, if not removed or overridden, will prevent the development of a proper ____ on the fire floor.
stream
pg353
Some are designed to create additional friction loss, thereby reducing flow; others are intended to limit the control valve operation
pressure reducers
pg353
Those designed to limit flow by increased friction loss are usually found attached to the ___ side of the standpipe connection where the
hoseline is threaded.
discharge
pg353
Pressure reducers, may be a set of overlapping holes that reduces flow, or a special 2-1⁄2-inch adapter with an added bored metal plate inside that reduces the inside diameter to as small as half an inch. These must be ____ before the fire department connects the attack lines
removed
pg354
Another type of reducer operates to reduce flow. Called a ____ reducer, it is a pin, simi-lar to a fire extinguisher pin, that does not allow the control wheel to be opened fully, limiting flow
a. deluge pressure reducer
b. seco pressure reducer
c. pitot tube reducer
d. flow meter reducer
seco pressure
pg354
with a seco pressure reducer firefighters operating the attack line must remove the ___ to acquire maximum flow
pin
pg354
I have seen another type where the operation of the control wheel is restricted by a spring-loaded mechanism which operates a throw-like protrusion similar to the locking mechanism on a hose clamp or spring-loaded door latch. It must be ___ (or slid back) by hand, which will retract the throw and allow the wheel to be fully opened.
depressed
pg354
To avoid unsafe and inefficient pressures,
always probe the inside of the ____to check for obstructions before attaching the fire department attack lines
standpipe
pg354
It is also necessary to quickly ___ the standpipe to ensure that there is water available and to flush any debris in the pipe that could clog the hoseline or nozzle.
flow
pg354
Another condition, although rare, may occur when a standpipe system similar to a pre-action sprinkler system is used. Water supply to the system is held back by a ____valve. The system requires a fire detection device to initiate a water supply to the standpipe, turning the dry system to a wet system.
a. deluge type valve
b. ball type valve
c. piston over piston valve
d. gate type valve
deluge-type valve
pg354
If, for some reason, the detection device does not activate, it will be necessary to manually pull a ____ to activate the system
fire alarm
pg354
These ____ fires are often out of reach of ground ladders
highrise
pg355
Very hot fires that are characteristic of these buildings will usually blow out windows
high rise
pg355
Check the wind’s direction and strength from the floor ___ the fire before venting the fire apartment windows.
below
pg355
If the wind blows from the___ to ____ , it will be acceptable to conduct a carefully coordinated attack with ventilation opposite the hoseline because the wind will likely stay at the firefighters’ backs.
hallway or stairwell to the window
pg355
If the wind blows from the____ to ___ and in ___ , it will likely blow fire right at the firefighters advancing the attack line. In this case, it is wise not to vent until the fire has been con-trolled.
window to the hallway and into the stairwell
pg355
It is better to test wind conditions through simulation on a ___ floor than to vent windows blindly and risk injury to advancing attack teams
a. upper
b. lower
c. 2nd
d. 1st
lower
pg355
Use large-diameter lines with solid bore nozzles for the ___
a
attack
pg355
North Hudson, for residential high-rises, our initial attack is launched using ___-inch attack lines with ___ nozzles.
2 in with solid bore
pg355
All later-arriving engine companies carry up bundles of ___ -inch hose with solid bore nozzles.
2-1/2
pg355
Ventilation, whether caused by the heat of the fire or by firefighters, will cause a ____ hazard around the perimeter of the structure
a. water
b. flying glass
c. flying screen
d. wood panel failure
flying glass
pg355
____ is critical to ensure no one is sliced up by falling glass
a. water management
b. apparatus placement
c. personnel placement
d. scene control
Scene control
pg355
Place ____ over supply lines so that falling glass will shatter into smaller pieces when it hits the metal parts of the ladder
a. aerial device
b. ny hooks
c. ground ladders
d. blankets
ground ladders
pg355
In interconnected systems, supply the connection as remote from the ___ side of the building as possible
a. stair
b. window
c. water
d. fire
fire
pg356
As heated gases in a building rise due to ____, they will, in time, lose their buoyancy because of the physics of heat transfer, which seeks to_____
- convection
- balance out all matter
pg356
Smoke will no longer ____ when the temperature of the smoke balances out with the ambient temperature of the surrounding area.
a. rise
b. fall
c. disappear
rise
pg356
smoke will sit or stratify at wherever that point of temperature balance happens to be. This is sometimes called ___ .
cold smoke
pg356
Stratifying toxic ___ have caused many deaths on floors above the fire, to both firefighters and occupants
gases
pg356
____ has to be removed mechanically by fans or via close coordination with building engineers using the HVAC system
Cold smoke
pg356
When stratification conditions are present, searching firefighters must check all ___and all areas, especially all ____
floors / AREAS / stairwells
pg356
The ____ is caused by temperature differentials inside buildings
a. stack effect
b. cold smoke
c. toxic gases
stack effect
pg356
As the building’s center is reached, the stack effect tends to gradually subside as an ____ point is reached
equilibrium
pg356
The farther you go from the center of the building, (____ not ____), the greater the stack effect
height wise, not widthwise
pg356
Normal stack effect allows air to flow ___ as it is heated
a. upward
b. downward
c. lateral
upward
pg356
____ , which is influenced by atmospheric building conditions, can cause air movement, including smoke movement, to travel in directions it wouldn’t normally move.
a. stack effect
b. reversed stack effect
c. cold smoke
Reverse stack effect
pg356
summer months when air conditioning systems are running nonstop, the atmosphere inside the building may be much colder than the outside temperature. ___, heavier air on the inside may sink to the lower portions of the building.
Colder
pg356
In Reverse stack effect _____ conditions will create the opposite effect. A fire on the upper floors will present no problem in venting because the heat is already moving in that direction. A lower-floor fire will present a different set of operational concerns
Winter
pg356-357
Reverse stack effect in winter. ____ venting a lower floor fire in frigid conditions may cause the products of combustion to again be pulled to the stairs and even the elevator shafts instead of out the windows, as the products of combustion rise with the heated air being produced by the building’s heating system and the fire.
a. Horizontally
b. Vertical
c. Mechanical
d. Lateral
horizontal ventilation
pg356
It is extremely difficult to ventilate utilizing natural methods.
cold smoke
pg356
Reversed stack effect will be even more pronounced when the temperature differential between the out-side air and the inside environment is extreme. Reverse stack effect is most detrimental in the extremes of the __ and ___
summer and the winter.
pg357
The point to remember about reverse stack effect is to be very cautious in your venting if there is a great disparity in temperature between the building’s ___ and the ____
interior and the outside air
pg357
Chief John Norman, in his great PennWell book Fire Officer’s Handbook of Tactics, reinforces the idea that “___.” This refers to the fact that a high-floor fire where outside temperatures are high or a lower-floor fire where outside temperatures are low will likely result in unintended smoke migration due to reverse stack effect.
a. high-high or low-low is a no-no
b. low-low or high high is a go-go
c. high-low or low high is a no-go
high-high or low-low is a no-no
pg357
Many high-rises have ____ that allow the residents a scenic view, which is one of the major lures of high-rise living
a. waterfronts
b. rivers
c. balconies
balconies
pg357
A _____ railing usually encloses these balconies.
a. tubular aluminum or aluminum alloy
b. wooden I beams or steel I beams
c. Concrete blocks or veneer walls
tubular aluminum or aluminum alloy
pg357
Aluminum melts at approximately ___°F.
a. 1,200
b. 1,700
c. 2,000
d. 1,500
1,200
pg357
___ will melt at a slightly higher temperature, but being unprotected metal, they will still be susceptible to heat-induced weakening
a. concrete
b. break
c. streel
d. alloy
Alloys
pg357
A firefighter leaning against the balcony railing to attempt an outside vent can cause a ___ of the railing
collapse
pg357
These railings are often set in ___ . A fire from below can cause ___ of the bottom of the balcony above, further weakening the bond between the railing and the balcony
concrete / spalling
pg357
Firefighters performing overhaul of a fire
apartment sometimes seek fresh air on the ____ when taking a breather. Do not, under any circumstances, lean against, put pressure on, or rely on the ___ for any reason.
balcony / railing
pg358
The fires most likely to occur in an under-ground parking garage are ____
a, vehicle
b. brush
c. rubbish
d. a and c
vehicle or rubbish fires.
pg358
If the garage is on a slope or a gradual incline from the lowest floor to the entrance of the garage or vice-versa, the fire will, much like a wildfire on sloping terrain, follow the path of least resistance and spread to adjacent vehicles on the ____ side.
a. uphill
b. upwind
c. downhill
d. downwind
uphill
pg358
____ will greatly affect a fire in these areas
a. dispatch time
b. enroute time
c. arrival time
d. reflex time
Reflex time
pg358
Most enclosed garages have extremely ___ ( high or low) clearance
low
pg358
Unless the fire is in close proximity to the garage entrance, the best way to attack is via ____ stairs to the garage from building interior or by standpipe
a. access
b. enclosed
c. open
access
pg358
If the apparatus just barely makes it into the garage, when the booster tank is empty and several tons of weight are lifted off the apparatus springs, the apparatus may not make it ___
back out.
pg358
The greatest protection against the spread of fire in these areas ( GARAGE) will be an ____ system. Although it will probably be successful in holding the fire in check and possibly preventing a major extension concern, there will be a significant ____ smoke concern, thus decreasing visibility. Smoke, whether hot or cold, will be extremely difficult to ventilate in these parts of the building.
automatic wet sprinkler / cold
pg358
If a standpipe is present in the area, operating in these structures will be like operating in an upside-down high-rise. The fire should be attacked via an ___ stairwell from the floor below the fire just as in a high-rise.
a. open stairwell
b. access stairwell
c. enclosed stairwell
enclosed
pg358
____ management is of the utmost importance.
Hoseline
pg358
Care must be taken to ensure that hose does not get caught and kinked under the ___ of a vehicle
wheels
pg358
If the fire is deep within the garage, be pre-pared for ____ that may be hot, dense, and black, and have nowhere to go
smoke
pg358
Visibility in the area of the fire could be ___.
zero
pg358
Just as in a fire in the building proper, the ____system should be shut down to prevent the products of combustion from spreading to other levels of the garage and to the occupied areas of the building.
a. HVAC
b. Sprinkler
c. FDC
d. Garage Exhaust fans
HVAC
pg358
Use a ___to locate the fire. After the fire is located, an ___line should be stretched to confine and extinguish it
lifeline / attack
pg358 Garage Fires
Ventilation is another concern. In some newer structures, the ___system may service the garage area
HVAC
pg358
Be cognizant of the location of any service entrances to the garage. Taking advantage of these structural openings will significantly reduce the ___ and ___ concern, as well as the amount of ___-stretched
access and ventilation / hose
pg358-359
Another asset, if present, are ___that are set in an exterior wall and used to vent the garage area. A ___ sensor often activates these fans when car exhaust levels reach a specified point. Smoke from a car fire will quickly activate these fans, aiding in not only the ventilation operation, but also in locating the main body of fire upon approach
wall fans / carbon monoxide
pg359 Garage fire
The Wall fans ___to the fire will push the most smoke to the exterior
closest
pg359 Garage fire
If there is no ventilation system, you may have to utilize some creative smoke removal tactics. One method may be to use one stairway as ___ while the other is used as ___.
attack / ventilation
pg359 Garage fire
If there is no ventilation system, you may have to utilize some creative smoke removal tactics. One method may be to use one stairway as attack while the other is used as ventilation. This will work only if the ventilation stairwell can be ____ air
exhausted to the outside
pg359 Garage fire
In most of these high-rises, the garage stairwells lead to the lobby or continue up into the occupied areas of the building and should not be used for ____operations.
a. recon
b. water supply
c. ventilation
d. monitoring
ventilation
pg360 Garage fire
If the stairs do lead to the exterior, a ____ can be placed at the opening to be used as a fan relay and exhaust the products of combustion more quickly.
a. smooth bore nozzle
b. second fan
c. gas monitor
d. gas clamp
second fan
pg360 Garage fire
If building orientation allows, utilizing a ____ from the attack stairwell behind the attack team may help keep smoke out of the building
a. negative pressure fan
b. positive pressure fan
c. mechanical ventilation
positive pressure fan
pg360 Garage fire
While electric powered fans are fine for this, keep the gas-powered positive pressure ventilation (PPV) fans ___
outside
pg360 Garage fire
A fire in an enclosed garage of a high-rise will require the same c__ and con___ demands of a fire on the upper floors
command and control
pg360 Garage fire
___ will assist Command in running a safe operation
a. Decentralization
b. Progress reports
c. Speed
d. a and b
Decentralization and progress reports
pg360
Firefighters engaged in search operations should be aware of the location of
- e____ closets
- e ____ s____
- service and storage areas that could contain h____ processes.
- electrical closets
- elevator shafts
- service and storage areas that could contain hazardous processes.
pg360
Be aware that most doorways that open into the hallway toward the firefighter lead to trouble. These include
- cl___
- h__ v___ utility areas
- e___shafts, and other entrapments
- closets
- high voltage
- elevator
pg360
It is crucial when searching an area suspected of containing an electrical hazard to search with the ___ or a closed fist
back of the hand
pg360
The hand’s natural reflex is to ___
grab
pg360
Using the back of the hand or a closed fist will prevent the ___reflex from latching onto an undesirable object
grabbing
pg360
Doors that open inward, away from the hall-way and the firefighter, usually lead to ____ in residential high-rises and ____ in commercial high-rises.
apartments / offices
pg360
It is interesting to note that these inward-opening doors in commercial buildings may also lead into ___ , which is directly opposite of a residential dwelling that almost always employ outward-opening doors for ___ change.
stairwells / grade
pg361
Panel walls are ___ story in height
1
pg361
curtain walls are ___ stories or more
2
pg361
These non-load-bearing walls are used to provide an enclosure in fire-resistive, steel skeleton buildings
a. panel walls
b. curtain walls
c. veneer walls
d. a and b
d
pg361
True or false
panel walls and Curtain walls support no weight other than their own.
true
pg361
____and ___ often made of glass and a light gauge metal such as aluminum or a lightweight masonry, the installation of these walls may create a vertical path for fire travel from floor to floor via the structural voids between the structural framework of the building and the curtain wall itself
Panel walls and Curtain walls
pg361
A fire originating in the vicinity of, spreading to, or exposing the exterior walls should prompt Command to order a thorough ____ inside curtain and panel walls
a. fire extension investigation
b. overhaul operation
c. salvage operation
fire extension investigation
pg361
Panel and curtain walls are attached to the building’s skeleton via ___ connectors, which must be protected
a. concrete
b. aluminum
c. steel
d. wood
steel
pg361
___, ___ and ___due to inaccessibility may weaken the integrity of the protective material, making these walls vulnerable to collapse
Time, elements, and lack of maintenance
pg36
One of the most dangerous incidents the fire service will face in a fire-resistive high-rise will be in a building that is under ___
construction
pg362
The building will be least stable in terms of structural integrity, most vulnerable in regard to fire ignition and spread, and the most inundated with hazards in and around the building.
high rise under construction
pg362
Fire-resistive buildings are constructed of rein-forced ____
a. steel
b. concrete
b. veneer
d. aluminum
concrete
pg362
This construction is either pre-cast and shipped to the site in completed sections, or cast-in-place where the structural concrete is actually poured on the site
a. Fire resistant buildings
b. Ordinary construction buildings
c. Heavy Timber Buildings
d. Limited combustible buildings
Fire resistant buildings
pg362
___alone has great compressive strength
a. Steel
b. Wool
c. Wood
d. Metal
Concrete
pg362
with concrete forces pressing against each other cause ___
compression
pg362
____ has very little tensile strength, the force that acts to pull things apart
Concrete
pg362
What gives the concrete tensile strength is the presence of ___
a. steel rods
b. aluminum rods
c. brick walls
d. wood members
steel rods
pg362
___ is very strong in tensile strength.
Steel
pg362
The rods are inserted in strategic places in the uncured concrete, which, when dried, will provide the required tensile strength via___ or ___of the rods
pre-tensioning or post-tensioning
pg362
___ is a very elastic material with practically no shape or strength
a. dry concrete
b. dry mud
c. wet concrete
dry concrete
Wet concrete
pg362
To ensure that the concrete takes the proper shape desired, wood framing called ___is erected to hold the wet concrete.
a. woodwork
b. formwork
c. metal framing
formwork
pg362
____ consists of 2-by-2-inch and 4-by-4-inch bracing members as well as plywood and other wood scraps
formwork
pg362
A fire attacking this formwork will cause it to ___ and drop the concrete load it is supporting onto areas below.
fail
pg362
the use of particleboard to support floors and laminated wooden I-beams as ___ protection. These will burn hotter and faster, decreasing collapse time
a. spillover
b. mixed protection
c. sturdy protection
d. fire resistive protection
spillover
pg363
Sometimes, instead of the 4-by-4-inch posts, the formwork will be held up by ____
a. particle board
b. steel screw jacks
c. metal rods
d. cement board
steel screw jacks
pg363
It takes concrete approximately ___ days to reach a stage of structural integrity where it is no longer a threat to collapse
a. 10
b. 30
c. 28
d. 32
28
pg364
As floors cure, piles of formwork, bracing, and other combustible material are moved ____ (downward or upward) in the building
upward
pg364
If you observe any bracing and/or additional loads in the form of piled combustibles or get a report that it is present, the threat of a ___ of this and the floors above (and below) is a real possibility
collapse
pg364
If heavy fire is present in or near these wood-bracing members, reevaluate what your companies are doing in the area. ___ operations outside established collapse zones might be the only safe strategy available
a. offensive
b. transitional
c. defensive
Defensive
pg364
Another concern relates to standpipe installation that does not keep up with the rest of the building. The valves on the individual floors may be ____, be not yet equipped with ____, may have improper ___ , or be ___altogether.
- open
- threads
- threads
- missing
pg364
Construction materials and debris may also block the ____
a. hydrants
b. standpipes
c. fire department connection
fire department connection
pg364
In addition to the building construction debris and material on the site, there will also be more ___ and ___ around. These may cause a fire to ignite, or it may intensify one that is already in progress
flammable liquids and gases
pg365
Daily ___ visits by in-service companies will help ensure that firefighting operations are not hindered by issues we can control through regular presence and enforcement
a. recall
b. surveys
c. inspections
inspection
pg365
This will serve two purposes. It will familiarize the members with the building from the ground floor up. It will also allow the department to correct any violations or operations on the spot
a. recall
b. surveys
c. inspections
inspections
pg366
The life safety concerns at a high-rise fire are directly proportional to the amount of ____ the occupants have received, which is a direct responsibility of the fire department
a. pre-fire education
b. pre-fire inspection
c. building surveys
d. academic degrees
prefire education
pg366
It must be impressed upon occupants that the safety features built into the building are there for just that: fire safety. A solid, aggressive, and pro-active ___ and ___ program is the best defense against this issue
fire prevention and community awareness
pg366
Another issue that has arisen since 9/11 is the fact that people living in high-rises think that when there is a fire, the building will ___
collapse
pg366
The reason the World Trade Center collapsed was because the impact of the jets ripped the ___ off the structural assembly, virtually turning a fire-resistive building into a non-combustible building
fire-resistive coating
pg366
Fire exposure as a result of both___ and the ____ in the building caused the failure of the steel trusses and a pancake collapse of both structures.
jet fuel/ combustibles
pg366
The effective control of ___ will either make the incident a manageable operation or a nightmare for Command
occupants
pg366
The incident commander has two options regarding the occupants of the building: ___ or ____
evacuation or protection-in-place
pg366
Unless something really out of the ordinary is occurring, ___ is the preferred method of occupant control
a. evacuation
b. protection in place
c. do nothing
protection-in-place
pg367
If the occupants have left the door to the fire apartment open, the ___ is likely to be untenable.
a. roof
b. hallway
c. window
hallway
pg367
If conditions on the fire floor are severe and the occupants are still in, ___ them in.
leave
pg367
“if they are still in, leave them in” philosophy applies to ___, but not necessarily to commercial or office high-rises. Because of the ____ area in commercial high-rises, it is usually best to evacuate the fire floor unless the fire is extremely minor and has not yet activated the sprinkler system.
residential high-rises / open floor
pg367
Evacuation of other floors will be determined by ___
a. water availability
b. location and extent
c. type of materials
d. condition
conditions
pg367
If occupants are evacuated, Command must also have a plan as to where to ___ them
send
pg367
Protection-in-place must also be planned for in ___.
advance
pg367
The SAE division must be constantly aware of ___ because additional areas may have to be considered for evacuation if things start to go badly
a. conditions
b. occupants
c. egress
d. roof access
conditions
pg367
It may also be feasible to relocate some occupants to safer, less-exposed areas than to take them down the stairs past the floors of fire operations. This is called ___
a. evacuation
b. vertical evacuation
c. horizontal evacuation
horizontal evacuation.
pg367
The simple act of moving occupants to ____ (less or more) exposed areas on the same floor, usually on the safe side of magnetic elevator fire doors at the other end of the building, will suffice to keep them safe.
less
pg367
Technology and new equipment may introduce additional issues regarding ____
evacuations
pg367
Many fire officers now carry portable ___ meters on their turnout coats.
carbon monoxide (CO)
pg367
If, on an upper floor, meters show high CO readings, action must be taken in regard to life safety. It may be as simple as instructing people to wait on their ___,
balconies
pg367
Don’t ignore high ___ readings in stairwells and above the fire.
CO
pg367
___ coordination is a critical item in the control inventory
a. roof
b. vent
c. stairwell
Stairwell
pg367
All stairwells designated as crucial to the operation must be ___ and made known to all fire ___.
identified / personnel
pg367
The stairwell being used for the fire attack is out as an ___ artery because smoke and heat will vent up the stairs after the hallway door is opened and the attack begun
a. vent
b. attack
c. evacuation
evacuation
pg367
If there are occupants already using this stair, the attack will have to be ___ until they are out of danger or rerouted to a safer stairwell. The stair with the standpipe connection will usually be the ___ stairwell unless the fire is on a lower floor and the attack lines can be stretched from the apparatus on the street. The ___ stairwell should be as remote from the fire area as possible
delayed / attack / evacuation
pg368
Experience shows that at most high-rise fires, the attack stairwell is also the ____ stair-well.
ventilation
pg367
What was once a blanket “leave them in place” philosophy, might need to be altered to address ___ concerns
CO
pg368
many modern high-rises have ___ doors that isolate different areas of the floors with the elevator bank in the center. The doors are held open by a ___.
automatic smoke / magnet
pg368
When alarms activate, the magnets release and the doors close, sealing the ____ and separating the floor areas
a. elevator bank
b. water bank
c. standpipes in stairwell
d. FDC’s for fire use
elevator bank
pg368
It is best to let the smoke doors function as designed and use the attack stairwell as the ___ stairwell.
vent
pg368
If apartment evacuation is under way (and uncontrolled attack stairwell evacuation as well), then the door to the fire apartment must remain closed until the hall-way and the stairwell are clear, and, most importantly, a ___ is in place ready to attack
charged line
pg368
Uncoordinated ___ are always a mistake.
operations
pg368
Station a radio-equipped ladder company
firefighter with the attack team to ensure the door is not opened until the stairs are ___ and the roof team is in a confirmed ___.
clear / safe area
pg368
For those overzealous engine companies, it might be best to put the biggest, toughest ladder firefighter at this position to discourage ___ actions.
unsafe
pg368
One other issue that tends to be problematic is finding the ___ . In a hallway with a floor-to-ceiling smoke condition in it, it may not be so easy to locate the burning apartment
fire
pg368
Use the ___ to assist in locating the fire apartment
TIC
pg368
If the building is sprinklered, one possible cue is to look for ___ off a balcony from the exterior. Another cue is water coming from under a doorway on the interior
water flowing
pg369
Although the fire is not likely to extend out of the apartment of origin, these buildings offer concerns of a more complex nature because of the inherent firefighting concerns
high rise
pg369
CRAVE - Command
- Forecast and provide for an expanded I___ M___ S___
- Establish operational Con__ P___ as soon as possible using chief officers.
- Establish effective Com____ as soon as possible; keep channels open at all times.
- Be prepared for communication problems and have A____ plans in place.
- Demand timely R____ from all control points in the operational area.
- Control B___ S____
- Provide adequate Per____ to outlast the fire.
- Ensure sufficient S___ reserves are available in a timely manner.
- Be prepared to supply more than one R ____team.
- Ensure an adequate TAC___ RE___ is in place.
- incident management system.
- control points
- communication
- alternative
- reports
- building systems.
- personnel
- SCBA
9.RIC - tactical reserve
pg369
CRAVE - Rescue
- R___ all areas of operation.
- Determine E____ stair.
- Provide P__ and S___ search on all floors.
- Keep the stairwells clear of O___.
- Decide on e___ versus P___ in P___
- Recon
- evacuation
- primary and secondary
- occupants
- evacuation / protection-in-place.
pg369
CRAVE - Attack
- Ensure a primary and secondary W____ supply is established.
- Ensure Au___ systems are supplied.
- Determine the attack stair; attack from the ___ on the floor below the fire.
- Designate a ____ control person.
- Provide at least ___ companies for each line being stretched.
- Stretch lines to the ___ floor and ____
- Coordinate attack with S_____ activities.
- water
- auxiliary
- standpipe
- standpipe
- two
- fire floor and floor above.
- support
pg369
CRAVE - Ventilation
- Determine V____ stair, if applicable.
- Seek out opportunities for effective ventilation depending on the following:
** a. ___ and ____ of fire
** b. W___ , Vel___ and D____
*** c. Building and fire floor L___ - Be aware of consequences of indiscriminate ____operations.
- Coordinate with A____ operations
- ventilation
2a Location and extent
2b Wind velocity and direction
2c layout
- ventilation
- attack
pg369
CRAVE - Extension prevention
- Ensure ____ system is shut down.
- Reconnoiter all areas for V___ and H___ fire travel.
- Be prepared to fight fire in r___ areas from the main fire.
- HVAC
- vertical / horizontal
- remote
pg370
Remember that fast action is not as critical as ___ action.
safe
