Chapter 9: Government and opposition, 1924-1929 Flashcards
When did Stresemann end passive resistance?
What was the reaction of right wing nationalists?
september 1923
-viewed as a surrender - led directly to the Munich Putsch
What were the Locarno treaties ?
What was the political impact?
When was this?
germany promised to respect the western frontier and keep troops out of the Rhineland, as agreed under the TOV
- improved relations with Britain and France
1925
When was German accepted into the league of nations?
1926
How did Streseman improve industrial relations?
- new arbitration system
- house building programmes
- extension of welfare schemes to raise living standards
How did the German army evade the terms of the TOV between 1923 and 1929?
- secret training and testing in the USSR (agreed under the treaty of Rapallo)
- 1929 - army was more than double the allowed size and had a range of banned weapons - Germany had spent more on armaments between 1923 and 1929 than Britain
What were the treaties of Rapallo (introduced by Wirth) and Berlin (introduced by Stresemann) ?
Rapallo - treaty of friendship and cooperation between Germany and USSR - allowed secret military collaboration
Berlin - added an extra pledge of neutrality (incase another third party attacks)
- both policies undermined the league of nations
Who were the Reichbanner ?
When were they established?
republican defense force - formed in reaction to right and left wing uprisings - members swore to honour the constitution
febuary 1924
How many people voted for pro-republican parties in the May and December 1924 elections?
May - 61%
December - 67.5%
When did Hindenburg become president and what proportion of the vote did he get?
What were his political views?
April 1925
- won with 48.3% of the vote
- nationalistic and openely disliked democracy
- did have a military background which helped to reconcile some on the right wing - DNVP started to work with the regime instead of against it
How many coalition government were there between 1923 and 1928?
What was the Grand coalition?
six - there was also an increasing right wing dominance
1928** Grand coalition** (led by Herman Muller) - SPD, zentrum, DVP and DDP - constant disagreements - but did last the longest of any government during the Weimar republic - two years (before being brought down by the wall street crash)
What changes were there to the position of traditional elites?
minimal change
- no reform of right wing judiciary, civil service or universites
- army sought to maintain its independent status
How did the Nazi party do in the 1928 election?
got just 2.6% of the vote (12 seats)
- right wing were not having a significant influence at this point
Who were the SA and the SS?
SA - led by Ernst Rohm - Nazi paramilitary
SS - led by Heinrich Himmler - hitlers elite bodyguard
What were some of the main changes made to the Nazi party after Hitler was released from prison?
- Hitler youth and women’s league were created - aimed to broaden the appeal of the Nazis
- SS was created - SA were viewed as wild and undisciplined
- loans from wealthy industrialists went towards developing the party
- propoganda is developed - large focus towards rural voters, industrialists and the middle classes - Joseff Goebbels - posters, speeches, rallies - show Nazi strength
