Chapter 9: Equity Transactions Flashcards
What is cash account?
have to make full payment for purchases or full delivery for sales on or before settlement date.
What is margin account?
the client pays only a portion of the purchase price and the investment dealer lends the balance to the client, charging interest on the loan
When is the settlement date?
- Government of Canada T-Bill - same day that the transaction takes place
- All other securities: 2 days after the transactions takes place.
What is long position?
A long position represents actual ownership in a
security.
What is short position?
a short position is created when an investor sells a security that the investor does not own.
How they charge interest in margin account?
Interest on a margin loan is calculated daily and charged monthly. with the rates the clients are charged on their chartered bank loans.
What does the word margin mean?
refers to the amount of funds the investor must personally provide. The margin plus the loan
provided by the dealer member together make up the total amount required to complete the transaction.
How many types of margin positions are there?
- A long margin position (investors to partially finance the purchase of securities by borrowing money from the dealer. with the expectation that the price of the security will rise).
- a short margin (investors to sell borrowed securities in the expectation that the price will fall, allowing the investor to buy back the shares at a lower price for a profit)
Do all dealer member allows margin account?
No, and they must obtain an authorized Margin Account Agreement Form from the client before any business is transacted.
Who regulate the credit that dealer member extend to its clients?
By IIROC with examiners conduct spot checks, in addition to regular field examinations. (IIROC produces a quarterly list of “securities eligible for reduced margin”. Inclusion in the list is restricted to those securities that demonstrate both sufficiently high liquidity and sufficiently low price volatility, based on specific price risk and liquidity risk measures.)
What are the maximum equity loan value? (maximum but dealer members may choose to set more stringent requirement)
- At $2.00 and over (50% of market value)
- At $1.75 to $1.99 (40% of market value)
- At $1.50 to $1.74 (20% of market value)
- Under $1.50 (no Loan)
- Securities Eligible for Reduced Margin* (70% of market value)
What is margin call?
is the requirement to deposit additional money when the price of security falls.
What is excess margin?
The amount that client has access to additional fund when the security price rises. (the client still pay interest on initial amount loaned from dealer, if the client cash out the additional amount, they would pay interest on that too)
What are the margin risk?
- Increases market risk (both in positive and negative way).
- Loan and interest must be repaid regardless the value of securities.
- Margin calls must be paid without delay. (if not dealer can sell the security)
What is short selling?
Is the sale of securities that the seller does not own.
transactions is reversed with long position