Chapter 9 Energy Balance And Healthy Bodyweight Flashcards
What is the US prevalence in being overweight/obese and obese?
Overweight/obese- 70.7%
Obese- 37.9%
Where did Michigan rank in obesity rates?
10th
What are the BMI numbers for the different classes of obesity?
Normal 18.5-24.9 Overweight 25-29.9 Obese class I- 30-34.9 Obese class II- 35-39.9 Obese class III- 40-49.9
How do you measure body composition and fat distribution?
Body Comp Skin Fold Test Underwater Weighing Bioelectrical impedance Dual-energy X-ray absoptiometry Each method has advantages and disadvantages
How does mortality rate change with the BMI?
Mortality rate increases with the BMI number
Mortality rate increases as you get below about 22
What are the impacts of being underweight
Lower immune system
Delayed healing
Destruction of other systems to keep body function
What are the risks from too much body fat
Obesity related illnesses such as diabetes, hypertension, heart attack, stroke
What are the components of energy expenditure
25-50% by physical activity
5-10% thermic effect of food
50-65% BMR (Body functions)
What are the factors that Affect BMR
Age Height Growth Body comp Fever Stress Environmental temp Fasting and starvation malnutrition
Average body comp of men
45% Muscle
25% Organs
15% Fat
15% bone
Average body comp of Women
36% muscle
24% organs
27% fat
13% bone
What are external cues of overeating?
Available foods Human sensations Lever portions Food swamps Food deserts
In Tennessee, ____% of children are overweight
34
_______ of adults in the US are obese
2/3
Preventable medical cost are _______billion a year
145
Childhood obesity in the US is estimated to cost _______annually in health expenses
$14 billion
______ of kids with obesity before the age of 15 will be obese as adults
80%
In 2009, _______ was spend on food advertising directed at children
$1.8 billion
In 1969, ____ of children walked or biked to school every day. In 2009, only ______ did.
48%, 13%
What is the health impact of living within easy access of a grocery store?
When you live with easy access to a grocery store, you are most likely to buy more fruits and vegetables, dairy products, and less processed foods. Pregnant women eat healthier, the BMI of those that live close to a grocery store are lower as are their chances of developing diabetes or other obesity related diseases.
What is the impact of building new and large elementary schools on the students physical activity level?
They have to move out to less developed areas to meet the size requirements. Therefore, taking the school farther away from kids and making it nearly impossible for them to walk to school. This decreases their physical activity by making them ride in cars more often which has been proven to be linked to an increased BMI’s. Many children do not have access to after school physical activities so walking was a good means to meet that need.
- What medical conditions are closely related with obesity in children?
Asthma, Diabetes, Sleep Apnea, High Blood pressure, Early puberty, bone and joint problems, and limitations on physical activity, and early affects on the heart and blood vessels.
What is the medical cost of obesity annually?
$14 billion
Who controls the child’s eating at home?
The parents
What part of the brain controls our desire to eat?
The hypothalamus
The problem of obesity lives in_______ and_____; so the solution of obesity lives there too.”
Families, Communities
Nashville has a ‘complete streets’ policy. What does this mean?
When a new street is built or corrective action is taken on a street, they look at every means of transportation, including bicycling and pedestrian transportation that can be utilized. Giving way to a more “bikeable and walkable” city.
Healthy Hunger Free Kid Act mandated a reduction in _______ and _________
Sugar, fats, and sodium
How do school cafeterias track how much of the food is consumed?
My plate form and watching what is on the student’s plates. Also tracking what is being ordered by the school systems.
