Chapter 9 - Eating Disorders Flashcards
There has been a _____ in eating disorders in the _____________
rise, past three decades
The core issue in eating disorders is:
a morbid fear of weight gain
Two main diagnoses:
Anorexia Nervosa & Bulimia Nervosa
The main symptoms of anorexia nervosa are: (4)
- A refusal to maintain more than 85% of normal body weight
- Intense fears of becoming overweight
- Distorted view of weight and shape
- Amenorrhea (period stopping)
DSM-5 Checklist for Anorexia Nervosa (3)
- Restricted net intake of nourishment, leading to significantly low body weight
- Intense fear of gaining weight, even though significantly underweight
- Disturbed body perception, undue influence of weight or shape on self evaluation, or persistent denial of the seriousness of the current low weight
Two main subtypes of Anorexia Nervosa:
- Restricting type
- Binge-eating/purging type
Restricting type is when:
Anorexia
- Lose weight by cutting out sweets and fattening snacks, eventually eliminating nearly all food
- Show almost no variability in diet
Binge-eating/purging type is when:
Anorexia
- Lose weight by forcing themselves to vomit after meals or by abusing laxatives or diuretics
- Like those with bulimia nervosa, people with this subtype may engage in eating binges
Anorexia Nervosa: The “typical” case:
-A normal to slightly overweight female has been on a diet
-Escalation toward anorexia nervosa may follow a stressful event
-Most patients recover
However, about 2% to 6% become seriously ill and die as a result of medical complications or suicide
key goal for people with anorexia nervosa:
-Becoming thin The driving motivation is fear: Of becoming obese Of giving in to the desire to eat Of losing control of body size and shape
People with anorexia nervosa also display certain psychological problems: (7)
- Depression (usually mild)
- Anxiety
- Low self esteem
- Insomnia
- Substance Abuse
- Obsessive Compulsive patterns
- Perfectionism
Anorexia Nervosa: Medical Problems caused by starvation (10)
- Amenorrhea (menstruation stops)
- Low body temp
- Low blood pressure
- Body Swelling
- Reduced bone density
- Slow heart rate
- Metabolic and electrolyte imbalances
- Dry skin, brittle nails
- Poor circulation
- Lanugo
Typical case of Bulimia Nervosa
- A normal to slightly overweight female has been on an intense diet
- Research suggests that even among normal participants, bingeing often occurs after strict dieting
- Like anorexia nervosa, about 90%–95% of bulimia nervosa cases occur in females
- The peak age of onset is between 15 and 21 years
- Symptoms may last for several years with periodic letup
Two subtypes of Bulimia Nervosa
- Purging-type bulimia nervosa
- Non-purging type bulimia nervosa
Purging-type bulimia nervosa
- Forced Vomiting
- Misusing laxatives, diuretics or enemas
Non-purging type bulimia nervosa
- Fasting
- Exercising frantically
DSM-5 Checklist for Bulimia Nervosa (4)
- Recurrent episodes of binge eating
- Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain.
- Symptoms continuing , on average, at least once a week for three months
- Undue influence of weight or shape on self-evaluation
Related disorder to Bulimia Nervosa & symptoms of that disorder
-Binge-eating disorder
-Symptoms include:
pattern of binge eating with NO compensatory behaviors (such as vomiting)
Patients with BN may also qualify for a diagnosis of
Anorexia
People with bulimia nervosa may have between___ and ___ binge episodes per week
1 and 30
Binge-eaters commonly consume between _____and _______calories per binge episode
1,000 and 10,000 calories
Similarities between Bulimia and Anorexia (9)
- Begin after a period of dieting
- Fear of becoming obese
- Drive to become thin
- Preoccupation with food, weight, appearance
- Feelings of anxiety, depression, obsessiveness, perfectionism
- Heighted risk of suicide attempts
- Substance abuse
- Distorted body perception
- Disturbed attitudes toward eating
Differences between Bulimia and Anorexia ()
-People with bulimia nervosa are more concerned about pleasing others, being attractive to others, and having intimate relationships
-People with bulimia nervosa tend to be more sexually experienced and active
-People with bulimia nervosa are more likely to have histories of mood swings, low frustration tolerance, and poor coping
-More than one-third of people with bulimia display characteristics of a personality disorder, particularly borderline personality disorder
Different medical complications:
-Only half of women with bulimia nervosa experience amenorrhea vs. almost all women with anorexia nervosa
-People with bulimia nervosa suffer damage caused by purging, especially from vomiting and laxatives
Most theorists and researchers what perspective to explain eating disorders:
3 key factors that place ind. at risk
Multidimensional risk perspective:
Several key factors place individuals at risk
More factors = greater likelihood of developing a disorder
Leading factors:
-Psychological problems (ego, cognitive, and mood disturbances)
-Biological factors
-Sociocultural conditions (societal, family, and multicultural pressures)
