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AWS DVA-C01 > Chapter 9 Configuration as Code > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Configuration as Code Flashcards

1
Q

Difference b/t ( aws Opworks for Chef Automate / AWS OpsWorks for Puppet Enterprise) and AWS OpsWorks Stack

A

OpsWorks Stacks does not provision an EC2 instance w/ puppet/chef software. Thee other two do.

OpsWorks Stacks uses and ‘in memory’ chef server and a ‘chef client’.

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2
Q

T/F: You must replace instances in order to update cookbooks in AWS OpsWorks

A

True

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3
Q

How to package cookbook dependencies?

A

Use a tool called berkshelf. Good for packaging dependencies before you upload it to S3 (and then set it as cookbook source)

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4
Q

T/F: When you create a resource in the stack, such as an instance, it is available only from the endpoint you specify when you create the stack.

A

True

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5
Q

If you want to use a custom AMI in OpsWorks, what are the requirements?

A
  1. AMI must be based off of AMI which OpsWorks supports
  2. must be 64 bit
  3. must support instance types you want to launch
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6
Q

In chef terminology, a ‘layer’ is equivalent to what?

A

a ‘role’

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7
Q

For EBS backed instances, the IP address will 1. ___ when instance restarts; for instance store backed instances, it will 2. ____.

A
  1. stay the same

2. change

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8
Q

In regard to EBS volumes, when volumes are added or removed from a layer, only ______ will receive the updated configuration.

A

New instances. Existing instance volumes do not change.

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9
Q

What are the three types of instances supported by OpsWorks Stacks?

A
  1. 24/7: they run until you stop them
  2. Time based instances: they run on specified schedules. (good for handling predictable load on your stack)
  3. Load based instances: they start and stop based on load metrics like ‘NetworkOut’ and ‘CPUUtilization’
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10
Q

Caveat about using load based and time based instances with OpsWorks Stacks

A

Unlike auto scaling groups, you must set these up ahead of time via console or CLI.

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11
Q

Do instances automatically install security and package updates?

A

No, this occurs only when the instance is first started.

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12
Q

An alternative to updating instances directly via OpsWorks is to ….

A

regularly launch new instances to replace old ones

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13
Q

Within OpsWorks can you register instances in separate accounts or even on prem instances? How?

A

Yes, by installing the OpsWorks agent on the target instances.

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14
Q

What is ‘auto healing’ in the context of OpsWorks?

A

When an instance can’t communicate with the OpsWorks service for 5 minutes, it will restart automatically. Enabled by default.

NOTE: health check itself performed every minute

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15
Q

When an app update occurs, will instances in OpsWorks automatically update with the new app?

A

No, but new instances will.

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16
Q

T/F: OpWorks stack users are associated with a specific region and cannot be given access to stacks in another region.

A

True

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17
Q

What are the four stack level permissions you can give a user?

A
  1. Deny: no action allowed on stack
  2. Show: user can only view stack configuration
  3. Deploy: user can view and deploy stacks
  4. Manage: view, deploy, manage
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18
Q

How are Chef recipes executed?

A

Via lifecycle events or manually.

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19
Q

Any time an instance in a stack comes online or goes offline, all instances in the same stack will undergo a ______ lifecycle event

A

Configure

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20
Q

When will an instance run the ‘DEPLOY’ lifecycle event?

A

Only after it has run the initial SETUP and CONFIGURE lifecycle events. After this, it must be run manually each time you want to run it.

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21
Q

What is the name of the lifecycle event which removes an app from an OpsWorks layer?

A

UNDEPLOY

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22
Q

What is a lifecycle event associated with tasks like taking snapshots and copying log files to S3 for later use?

A

SHUTDOWN

23
Q

If an AWS resource like RDS is registered with a stack and attach to an instance, is it deleted when instance is deleted?

A

No, you must manually delete it via console or CLI

24
Q

What is an important limitation regarding EBS volumes with OpsWorks Stack?

A

You cannot attach EBS volumes to Windows stacks.

Also, you can only register EBS volumes to one stack at a time.

25
Q

Can you register an RDS instance with multiple apps in the same stack?

A

Yes

26
Q

Any data that you define at the _____ level overrides the data set at the layer or stack levels.

A

deployment

27
Q

Any data set at the _____ level overrides the data set at the stack level.

A

layer

28
Q

list basic metrics displayed in OpsWorks dashboard

A
  1. cpu
  2. memory utilization
  3. load
  4. processes
29
Q

cloudwatch events supports which event types from OpsWorks?

A
  1. Instance state change
  2. Command state change
  3. Deployment state change
  4. Alerts
30
Q

Is instance monitoring the same b/t Linux and Windows?

A

No, Windows based stacks provide only basic EC2 metrics

31
Q

What is standard service limit threshold for stacks, layers per stack, instances per stack, and apps per stack?

A

40

32
Q

Can an instance with 1 vCPU run a container which requires 2vCPUs?

A

No

33
Q

Does scaling out a cluster increase the running task count?

A

No, service auto scaling performs that task.

34
Q

What is a major restriction of Fargate containers?

A

They cannot be run in ‘privileged’ mode. You can verify a given task definition is acceptable by running the ‘requires capabilities’ option in the console or CLI.

35
Q

What is a ‘task definition’ with regards to containers?

A

JSON document which describes what containers launch for an application. It can specify up to 10 containers and their requirements.

36
Q

What are conditions under which containers should be added to the same task definition?

A
  1. containers share same lifecycle
  2. containers need to run on the same host/instance
  3. containers need to share the same resources
37
Q

What is a ‘service’ in the context of containers.

A

Process/entity created by specifying task definition and number of task to maintain.

If any containers in service become unhealthy, the service is responsible and launches a replacement task.

Service also defines min/max healthy thresholds for deployment strategies.

38
Q

Classic load balancers register/deregister instances. What is an implication of this fact?

A

Any tasks being run on the classic load balancer all exist on the same container instance.

An alternative to this is the application load balancer ALB.

39
Q

Target Tracking Policies

A

determine when to scale the number of tasks based on a target metric

40
Q

Step Scaling Policies

A

task scaling policy which grows with multiple ‘step’ based metrics. So for example it can grow based on reaching 70% cpu utilization and yet again when 80% threshold met.

41
Q

Task Scaling Policies

A

These describe on which instances tasks launch or which tasks terminate during scaling actions. v

Policies implemented on best effort basis (‘try to do it, and if I can’t just settle on whatever works’)

42
Q

ECS Service Discovery

A

Allows you to assign Route 53 DNS entries to tasks your service manages

43
Q

ECS Container Agent

A

Responsible for monitoring the status of tasks running on cluster instances. Monitors health of containers and replaces them if necessary. Automatically available in ECS optimized AMIs

Note: instance must be restarted if trying to update agent on Windows.

44
Q

Can you create an ECS cluster when setting up a CodePipeline?

A

No, it must be created ahead of time.

45
Q

Unlike ECS, Fargate requires no ____

A

agent management (ECS manages clusters via agent)

46
Q

Clusters consist of 1. ______ which contain an installed 2. ______ responsible for receiving scheduling/shutdown commands from the ECS service and reporting health of containers.

A
  1. EC2 Instances

2. agent

47
Q

How do you allow a user cross region access to a stack?

A

You have to copy the user to another region.

48
Q

List the lifecycle events

A

setup, configure, deploy, undeploy, shutdown

Note: CONFIGURE run on all instance in stack if any instance comes online or goes offline

49
Q

Can you raise limits on Stack limits?

A

no

50
Q

After updating a custom cookbook repository, will

any currently online instances automatically receive the updated cookbooks?

A

no, You must run the ‘Update Custom Cookbooks’ command.

51
Q

When will an AWS OpsWorks Stacks instance register and deregister from an Elastic Load Balancing load balancer associated with the layer?

A

Instances will be registered when they enter an online state and are deregistered when they leave an online state.

52
Q

Why should instances in a single AWS OpsWorks Stacks layer have the same functionality and purpose?

A

Because all instances in a layer run the same recipes

53
Q

How many containers can a single task definition describe?

A

10

AWS DVA-C01 (22 decks)

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