Chapter 9: Blood Flashcards
agglutination
the clumping of cells as a results of interaction with specific antibodies called agglutinins.
albumin
a plasma protein, helps maintain blood pressure and blood volume.
allergen
a substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body.
allergy
a hypersensitive reaction to a normally harmless antigens (mostly environmental)
anaphylaxis
an exaggerated life threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered allergen.
anisocytosis
an abnormal blood condition characterized by red blood cells of variable and abnormal size.
antibodies
substances produced by the body in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances
antigens
a substance, usually a protein that causes the formation of an anitbody and reacts specifically with that antibody.
ascites
an abnormal intraperitoneal (within the peritoneal cavity) accumulation of a fluid containing a large amount of protein and electrolytes
basophil
a granulocytic WBC characterized by cytoplasmic granules that stain blue. represent 1% or less of all WBC
bilirubin
the orange-yellow pigment of bile formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in RBC after termination of their normal life span.
coagulation
the process of transforming a liquid into a solid- especially blood
corpuscle
any cell of the body- a red or white blood cell
differentiation
a process in development in which unspecialized cells or tissues are sympathetically modified and altered to achieve specific characteristic physical forms, physiologic functions and chemical properties.
dycrasia
an abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukemia, or a prenatal Rh incompatibility
edema
the abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissue
electrophoresis
the movement of charges suspended particles through a liquid medium in response to changes in an electric field.
enzyme
an organic substance that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction
eosinophil
a granulocytic bilobed luekocyte somewhat larger than a neutrophil characterized by large numbers of course, refractile, cytoplasmic granules that stain with the acid dye eosin
erythremia
an abnormal increase in the number of RBC
erthroblast
an immature RBC
erthrocyte
a mature RBC
erthropoiesis
The process of RBC production
erythropoietin
a hormone synthesized mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstream in response to anoxia (lack of oxygen)
fibrin
a stringy, insoluble protein that is the substance of a blood clot
fibrinogen
a plasma protein converted into fibrin by thrombin in the presence of calcium ions
globin
a group of 4 globin protein molecules that become bound by the iron in heme molecules to form hemeglobin
globulin
a plasma protein made in the liver, helps in the synthesis of antibodies
granulocyte
a type of leukocyte characterized by cytoplasmic granules
heme
iron containing no protein portion of hemeglobin molecule. heme binds with and carries oxygen in the RBC, releasing it to tissue that give off excess amounts of carbon dioxide
hemoglobin
a complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs
hemolysis
the breakdown of RBC and release of hemoglobin that occurs normally at the end of the life span of a RBC
hemorrhage
a loss of a large amount of blood in a short amount of time- can be external or internal
hemostasis
the termination of bleeding by mechanical or chemical means, or by the complex coagulation process of the body
heparin
a naturally occurring anticlotting factor present in the body
hyperalbuminemia
an increased level of albumin in the blood
hyperbilirubinemia
greater than normal amounts of bile (bilirubin) in the blood
hyperlipemia
an excess level of blood fats
ion
an electronically charged particle
leukocyte
white blood cell
leukocytopia
an abnormal decrease in WB cells (fewer than 5k cells per cubic millimeter)
megakaryocyte
an extremely large bone marrow cell
monocyte
a large mononuclear leukocyte
myeloid
pertaining to bone marrow or spinal cord
neutrophil
multilobed nucleaus granular leukocyte
pancytopenia
a marked reduction in platelets, and RBC and WBC
pica
a craving to eat unusual substances (non food substances) like dirt, clay, chalk…results from nutritional deficiency like iron deficient anemia
plasma
the watery straw colored fluid portion of blood
platelet
a clotting cell (thrombocyte)
prothrombin
a plasma protein precursor of thrombin, it is synthesized in the liver if adequate vitamin k is present
reticulocyte
an immature erthocyte characterized by a meshlike pattern of threads and particles at the former nucleaus site
septicemia
systematic infection which pathogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spread the infection
seroconversion
a change in serologic tests from negative to positive as antibodies develop in reaction to an infection or vaccine
serology
studies blood serum for evidence of infection by evaluating antibody/ antigen reactons
serum
clear, thin sticky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation. contains no cells, fibrinogen or platelets
splenomegaly
an abnormal enlargement of the spleen
stem cell
a formative cell
thrombin
an enzyme formed from prothrombin, calcium and thromboplastin in plasma during the clotting process
thrombocyte
a clotting cell (platelet)
thrombocytopenia
an abnormal hematologic condition in which a number of platelets is reduced
thromboplastin
a complex substance that intiates the clotting process by converting prothrombin into thrombin in the presence of calcium ion
thrombus
a clot
