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Chapter 9: Blood & Lymphatic Systems > Chapter 9: Blood > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Blood Flashcards

1
Q

agglutination

A

the clumping of cells as a results of interaction with specific antibodies called agglutinins.

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2
Q

albumin

A

a plasma protein, helps maintain blood pressure and blood volume.

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3
Q

allergen

A

a substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body.

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4
Q

allergy

A

a hypersensitive reaction to a normally harmless antigens (mostly environmental)

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5
Q

anaphylaxis

A

an exaggerated life threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered allergen.

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6
Q

anisocytosis

A

an abnormal blood condition characterized by red blood cells of variable and abnormal size.

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7
Q

antibodies

A

substances produced by the body in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances

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8
Q

antigens

A

a substance, usually a protein that causes the formation of an anitbody and reacts specifically with that antibody.

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9
Q

ascites

A

an abnormal intraperitoneal (within the peritoneal cavity) accumulation of a fluid containing a large amount of protein and electrolytes

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10
Q

basophil

A

a granulocytic WBC characterized by cytoplasmic granules that stain blue. represent 1% or less of all WBC

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11
Q

bilirubin

A

the orange-yellow pigment of bile formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in RBC after termination of their normal life span.

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12
Q

coagulation

A

the process of transforming a liquid into a solid- especially blood

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13
Q

corpuscle

A

any cell of the body- a red or white blood cell

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14
Q

differentiation

A

a process in development in which unspecialized cells or tissues are sympathetically modified and altered to achieve specific characteristic physical forms, physiologic functions and chemical properties.

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15
Q

dycrasia

A

an abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow, such as leukemia, or a prenatal Rh incompatibility

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16
Q

edema

A

the abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissue

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17
Q

electrophoresis

A

the movement of charges suspended particles through a liquid medium in response to changes in an electric field.

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18
Q

enzyme

A

an organic substance that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction

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19
Q

eosinophil

A

a granulocytic bilobed luekocyte somewhat larger than a neutrophil characterized by large numbers of course, refractile, cytoplasmic granules that stain with the acid dye eosin

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20
Q

erythremia

A

an abnormal increase in the number of RBC

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21
Q

erthroblast

A

an immature RBC

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22
Q

erthrocyte

A

a mature RBC

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23
Q

erthropoiesis

A

The process of RBC production

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24
Q

erythropoietin

A

a hormone synthesized mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstream in response to anoxia (lack of oxygen)

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25
Q

fibrin

A

a stringy, insoluble protein that is the substance of a blood clot

26
Q

fibrinogen

A

a plasma protein converted into fibrin by thrombin in the presence of calcium ions

27
Q

globin

A

a group of 4 globin protein molecules that become bound by the iron in heme molecules to form hemeglobin

28
Q

globulin

A

a plasma protein made in the liver, helps in the synthesis of antibodies

29
Q

granulocyte

A

a type of leukocyte characterized by cytoplasmic granules

30
Q

heme

A

iron containing no protein portion of hemeglobin molecule. heme binds with and carries oxygen in the RBC, releasing it to tissue that give off excess amounts of carbon dioxide

31
Q

hemoglobin

A

a complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs

32
Q

hemolysis

A

the breakdown of RBC and release of hemoglobin that occurs normally at the end of the life span of a RBC

33
Q

hemorrhage

A

a loss of a large amount of blood in a short amount of time- can be external or internal

34
Q

hemostasis

A

the termination of bleeding by mechanical or chemical means, or by the complex coagulation process of the body

35
Q

heparin

A

a naturally occurring anticlotting factor present in the body

36
Q

hyperalbuminemia

A

an increased level of albumin in the blood

37
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

greater than normal amounts of bile (bilirubin) in the blood

38
Q

hyperlipemia

A

an excess level of blood fats

39
Q

ion

A

an electronically charged particle

40
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

41
Q

leukocytopia

A

an abnormal decrease in WB cells (fewer than 5k cells per cubic millimeter)

42
Q

megakaryocyte

A

an extremely large bone marrow cell

43
Q

monocyte

A

a large mononuclear leukocyte

44
Q

myeloid

A

pertaining to bone marrow or spinal cord

45
Q

neutrophil

A

multilobed nucleaus granular leukocyte

46
Q

pancytopenia

A

a marked reduction in platelets, and RBC and WBC

47
Q

pica

A

a craving to eat unusual substances (non food substances) like dirt, clay, chalk…results from nutritional deficiency like iron deficient anemia

48
Q

plasma

A

the watery straw colored fluid portion of blood

49
Q

platelet

A

a clotting cell (thrombocyte)

50
Q

prothrombin

A

a plasma protein precursor of thrombin, it is synthesized in the liver if adequate vitamin k is present

51
Q

reticulocyte

A

an immature erthocyte characterized by a meshlike pattern of threads and particles at the former nucleaus site

52
Q

septicemia

A

systematic infection which pathogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spread the infection

53
Q

seroconversion

A

a change in serologic tests from negative to positive as antibodies develop in reaction to an infection or vaccine

54
Q

serology

A

studies blood serum for evidence of infection by evaluating antibody/ antigen reactons

55
Q

serum

A

clear, thin sticky fluid portion of the blood that remains after coagulation. contains no cells, fibrinogen or platelets

56
Q

splenomegaly

A

an abnormal enlargement of the spleen

57
Q

stem cell

A

a formative cell

58
Q

thrombin

A

an enzyme formed from prothrombin, calcium and thromboplastin in plasma during the clotting process

59
Q

thrombocyte

A

a clotting cell (platelet)

60
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

an abnormal hematologic condition in which a number of platelets is reduced

61
Q

thromboplastin

A

a complex substance that intiates the clotting process by converting prothrombin into thrombin in the presence of calcium ion

62
Q

thrombus

A

a clot

Chapter 9: Blood & Lymphatic Systems (1 decks)

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