Chapter 9 Bio Flashcards
Cellular Respiration
Process which releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Glycolysis
Breaking down glucose.
Krebs Cycle (citric acid cycle)
Pyruvic acid 3-carbon is broken down into 3 CO2 in a series of energy-extracting reactions.
Electron transport chain
A series of electron carrier proteins that use high energy electrons from glycolysis and Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP.
Aerobic
With oxygen
Anaerobic
Without oxygen.
Pyruvic acid
A 3-carbon molecule made from glycolysis.
NAD+ (NADH)
An electron carrier.
ATP synthase
A protein that binds a phosphate to ADP to make ATP.
Fermentation
Anaerobic respiration.
Where do humans get our source of energy?
Food
What is a calorie?
The amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
How many calories per gram of the following: carbs, proteins, lipids
Carbs: 4
Proteins: 4
Lipids: 9
In order the steps for extracting the energy from glucose when oxygen is present
1) Glycolysis
2) Krebs cycle
3) Electron Transport Chain
What do we call this overall process?
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration only occurs in the presence of what?
Oxygen
Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
Where in the cell does Krebs cycle occur?
Mitochondria matrix
Where does ETC occur?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Where in the cell does fermentation occur?
Cytoplasm
Which processes require oxygen?
Krebs cycle and ETC
Which process doesn’t require oxygen?
Glycolysis and fermentation
Glycolysis starts with what molecule?
Pyruvic acid
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into what molecule?
Pyruvic acid
