Chapter 9 - Asexual And Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

A variant form of a gene

Question 2

Asexual reproduction

Answer 2

A form of reproduction where offspring are produced from one parent. The offspring are genetically identical to the parent.

Question 3

Budding

Answer 3

A form of asexual reproduction, where the offspring develop as an outgrowth or bud on the parent plant. The bud detaches and the offspring develops as a separate individual.

Question 4

Centromere

Answer 4

Where the two sister chromatids join to form a double stranded chromosome.

Question 5

Chiasma

Answer 5

Point where non-sister chromatids cross over

Question 6

Chromatid

Answer 6

One half of a double-stranded chromosome

Question 7

Clone

Answer 7

A individual that is genetically identical to its parent

Question 8

Cloning

Answer 8

The production of offspring that are genetically identical to their parent

Question 9

Crossing over

Answer 9

The process that takes place in Prophase 1. Non-sister chromatids of a homologous chromosome pair exchange genetically material. This increases genetic variation in offspring.

Question 10

Diploid

Answer 10

Containing 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 11

Fertilisation

Answer 11

The fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote

Question 12

Binary fission

Answer 12

Form of asexual reproduction common in prokaryotes. The parent organism divides into 2 relatively equal parts, each which develop into separate individuals. Can occur along longitudinal axis or transverse axis.

Question 13

Fragmentation

Answer 13

A form of asexual reproduction, where one organism is divided into 2 or more parts, each which develop into a new individual. Common in flatworms and marine worms.

Question 14

Gamete

Answer 14

A haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell to form a zygote. In humans, egg and sperm cells are gametes.

Question 15

Gene

Answer 15

A section of a DNA strand that codes for a specific protein.

Question 16

Haploid

Answer 16

Containing 1 set of chromosomes

Question 17

Homologous chromosome

Answer 17

A chromosome that is the same size, has centromere at same place, and genes at the same loci

Question 18

Longitudinal fission

Answer 18

Fission that occurs along the longest axis of the parent organism

Question 19

Meiosis

Answer 19

Cell division that occurs in sex cells. It has 2 stages. It produces 4 haploid, genetically unique daughter cells

Question 20

Mitosis

Answer 20

Cell division that occurs in somatic cells. It produces 2 genetically identical daughter cells

Question 21

Parthenogenesis

Answer 21

A form of asexual reproduction, where offspring develop from an unfertilised egg. Can only occur in females. Occurs in lizards and birds.

Question 22

Polyploid

Answer 22

Containing more than 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 23

Recombination

Answer 23

The process of non-sister chromatids exchanging genetic materials

Question 24

Reduction division

Answer 24

Another name for Meiosis 1

Question 25

Somatic cell

Answer 25

A non-sex cell. It is diploid and undergoes mitosis.

Question 26

Spore

Answer 26

A reproductive unit that is able to disperse and develop into a new individual without fertilisation.

Question 27

Strobilation

Answer 27

A process of fission in multicellular organisms (such as jellyfish)

Question 28

Synapsis

Answer 28

Process of pair two homologous chromosomes

Question 29

Totipotent

Answer 29

The ability for a stem cell to differentiate into all types of specialised cells and also an embryo

Question 30

Transverse fission

Answer 30

Fission that occurs along the shortest axis of the parent organism

Question 31

Vegetative propagation

Answer 31

A form of asexual reproduction in plants, where part of plant is separated and is grown as a new individual.