Chapter 9 and 10

Question 1

Drainage Basin

Answer 1

Area of land where all surface water converges to a single point or flows into another body of water.

Question 2

Drainage Density

Answer 2

Channel length per unit watershed area.

Question 3

Terrace

Answer 3

Flat or gently sloping geomorphic surface that is typically bounded on one side by a scarp.

Question 4

Gorge

Answer 4

“Small canyon” formed by geological uplift, eroison, and glaciers melting.

Question 5

Tarn

Answer 5

Lakes formed in glacially carved cirques.

Question 6

Legacy Sediment

Answer 6

Depositional bodies of sediment inherited from the increase of human activities since the early settlers.

Question 7

Sediment Rating Curve

Answer 7

Average relation between discharge and suspended sediment concentrations for a certain location.

Question 8

River/Stream Capture

Answer 8

Stream is diverted from its own bed and flows into the bed of neighboring stream.

Question 9

Emergent/submergent coastlines

Answer 9

Land along the coast that has been exposed by the sea fall. Submergent has been covered by sea rise.

Question 10

Plunging Breaker

Answer 10

Breaking wave whose crest curls over and collapses suddenly

Question 11

Swash/Backwash

Answer 11

Turbulent layer of water that washes up on the beach after and incoming wave breaks.

Question 12

Longshore Drift

Answer 12

The transportation of sediment dependent on the angles of the waves coming in. The movement of sediment down the beach in a zigzag pattern.

Question 13

Lagoon

Answer 13

Shallow body of water that is seperated from a larger body of water by a narrow landform like a barrier island.

Question 14

Submarine Canyon

Answer 14

Formed by erosion and mass wasting event. Narrow, steep-sided valley that cuts into a continential slope.

Question 15

Beach nourishment

Answer 15

The replacement of sediments on a beach.

Question 16

Dendritic Drainage Basin

Answer 16

TREE (homogenous and flat-lying)

Question 17

Trellis

Answer 17

Bunch of little coming out of big (long linear valleys where drainage flows from eroded shales or limestones)

Question 18

Rectangular

Answer 18

Enhanced groundwater etches from chemical weathering

Question 19

Radial

Answer 19

Volcanoes (strato)

Question 20

Shreve

Answer 20

Additive

Question 21

Strahler

Answer 21

Game level

Question 22

Fill terrace

Answer 22

stream incises into the material that is deposited into a valley

Question 23

Strath terrace

Answer 23

Stream downcuts into bedrock.

Question 24

Discharge Changes downstream

Answer 24

Decrease in arid/increase in temperate

Question 25

3 Base leves/ Processes that lead them to change

Answer 25

Natural lake, dam, and ocean. Climate, tectonics, and isostacy.

Question 26

Sediment Grain Size changes downstream

Answer 26

Sediment grain size decreases downstream where there is larger volume of water and higher energy which causes more erosion because the sediments are rubbing together.

Question 27

History of sea level past 21000 years

Answer 27

Earth warmed 4 degrees, sea level rise by about 280 feet

Question 28

Mechanisms that supply sediment to coastal zone

Answer 28

Longshore drive, constructive waves, and current.

Question 29

Why are tides geomorphically important?

Answer 29

Groundwater fluctuations by the periodic saturated and unsaturated condition on the intertidal zone.

Question 30

Four types of estuaries

Answer 30

Coastal plain: drowned river valley, when a risen sea fills an existing river valley
Fjord: formed by glacier retreat
Tectonic: formed by tectonic shift
Bar-built: formed from a lagoon or bay that is protected by a barrier island, like a sandbar

Question 31

Geomorphic effects of jetty

Answer 31

Prevents erosion and traps sand from drifting along the beach