chapter 9

Question 1

demography

Answer 1

the study of human populations - their size, composition, and distribution across space - and the process through which populations change

Question 2

age structure

Answer 2

the composition of a population in terms of the proportions of individuals of different ages

Question 3

survivorship

Answer 3

percentage of members of a group that are likely to survive to any given age

Question 4

fertility rate

Answer 4

ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area

Question 5

migration

Answer 5

large-scale movement of members of a species to a different environment

Question 6

life expectancy

Answer 6

the estimated average number of years that an individual of a specific age can expect to live

Question 7

demographic transition

Answer 7

the transition from high to lower birth a death rates in a country or region as development occurs and that country moves from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system

Question 8

infrastructure

Answer 8

general term for the basic physical systems of a business, region, or nation. includes transportation systems, communication networks, sewage, water, and electric systems.

Question 9

arable land

Answer 9

land suitable for growing crops

Question 10

urbanization

Answer 10

the process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities.

Question 11

least developed countries

Answer 11

low-income countries confronting severe structural impediments to sustainable development, highly vulnerable to economic and environmental shocks and have low levels of human assets