Chapter 9 Flashcards
What are the three functional groups that contain carbon-oxygen sigma bonds.
- Alcohols
- Ethers
- Epoxides
_________ contain a hydroxy group (OH group) bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon atom.
Alcohols
How are alcohols classified?
- primary (1 prime)
- secondary (2 prime)
- tertiary (3 prime)
What are compounds having a hydroxy group on an sp2 hybridized carbon atom?
enols and phenols
What is the difference between enols and phenols?
Enols have an OH group on a carbon of a C-C double bond.
Phenols have an OH group on a benzene ring.
What is the similarity between enols and phenols?
C bonded to OH is sp2 hybridized.
_____ have two alkyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom.
Ethers
An ether is _______ if two alkyl groups are the same, and ________ if they are different
symmetrical;
unsymmetrical
______ are ethers having the oxygen atom in a three membered ring.
Epoxides
Another name for epoxides are _____
oxiranes
Fun fact:
Brevenal is a nontoxic marine polyether produced by Karenia brevis, a single celled organism that proliferates during red tides, vast algal blooms that turn the ocean water red, brown, or green.
What are the structural features that are shared by alcohols, ethers, and expoxides?
An oxygen atom bonded to an sp3 hybridized C atom.
An sp3 hybridized oxygen atom
T/F An alcohol is any compound that contains a hydroxy group.
False: An alcohol is specifically a compound that contains a hydroxy group bonded to an sp3 hybridized C atom. Phenols and enols, which have a hydroxy group bonded to an sp2 hybridized C atom, are not alcohols.
Alcohols are classified as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°) based on the number of _____ atoms bonded to the carbon with the OH group.
Carbon
An epoxide is a cyclic _____ that is contained in a _____ membered ring
ether;
three
