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Chapter 9 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Genome

A

sum total of genetic material (DNA) in a cell

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2
Q

Chromosome

A

discrete cellular structure composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule

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3
Q

Bacterial chromosome

A

Is single large circular dna containing most of the organism genetic material

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4
Q

Chromosome in eukaryotic cell

A

Chromosomes linear multiple set of dna

23 pairs in human eukaryotic cells

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5
Q

Alleles

A

Alternative members of a gene pair which may be homogenous or heterozygous

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6
Q

Purine

A

Adenine and guanine

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7
Q

Pyrmides

A

Cytosine and thymine

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8
Q

Present in bacteria and yeast small circular extra chromosomal dna capable of independent replication and contains genes for resistance and or fertility in some bacteria

A

Plasmid

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9
Q

Resistance plasmids which code for genes that Produce enzymes which act against antibiotics and drugs and other chemicals

A

R plasmids

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10
Q

F plasmids

A

Contains genes that code for f pili which serve as conjugation bridge for gene transfer during conjugation or sexduction

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11
Q

Replication

A

Process that uses existing dna to make new dna copies

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12
Q

Transcription

A

Uses dna to make rna copies

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13
Q

Translation

A

Uses rna to make protein products

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14
Q

mRNA

A

Messenger rna carries dna code to be translated into proteins

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15
Q

tRNA

A

Transfers rna carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation

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16
Q

Rrna

A

Ribosomal rna makes up the major part of the ribosome and participated in protein synthesis

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17
Q

Where does translation occur

A

Occurs in the ribsome if all cells

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18
Q

Proteins determine what

A

They determine phenotype

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19
Q

The eukaryotic gene is modified before it’s replicated or transcribed processing

A

Gene processing

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20
Q

Non coding dna segments or intervening sequence

A

Introns

21
Q

Coding/functional dna segment

A

Exons

22
Q

Gene expression begins with what

A

Replication

23
Q

Are splicing enzymes which cuts off introns to join exons during gene processing

A

Splicesomes

24
Q

An enzymes that joins the free dna ends forming a continuous piece binds or lighter dna fragments together

A

Dna ligase

25
Q

unwinds and unzips the DNA double helix

•An RNA primer is synthesized at the origin of replication by a primase

A

Helicase

26
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

then adds nucleotides in a 5′ to 3′ direction

27
Q

removes the RNA primers and replaces them with DNA

A

DNA polymerase I

28
Q

Minimizes formation of supoercoil

A

Dna gyrose

29
Q

Transcription occurs where in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells

A

Nucleus cytoplasm

30
Q

Transcription uses how many strands

A

Single strand

31
Q

Stop codons

A

UGA UAA UAG

32
Q

Start codon

A

AUG

33
Q

Binding of rna polymerase to the promoter Region that determines the specificity

A

Initiation

34
Q

RNA polymerase adds nucleotides complementary to the DNA template strand in the 5′ to 3′ direction (Uracil (U) is placed complementary to adenine (A)

A

Elongation

35
Q

RNA polymerase recognizes a “STOP” sign in the DNA and releases the transcript (100-1,200 bases long)

A

Termination

36
Q

Removal of interims to join or reconnect exons

A

Genetic processing

37
Q

Excessive amount of genetic product inhibit the genetic expression

A

End product inhibition

38
Q

In prokaryotic cells set of genes sequestered and regulated or controlled by adjoining gene

A

Operons

39
Q

Set of genes that regulate or is responsible for lactose metabolism in bacteria

A

Lac operant gene

40
Q

What is lactose used for

A

Lactose is a disaccharide made of a glucose and galactose bacteria uses a glucose to make ATP and respiration

41
Q

What components make up the LAC apron Gene

A

Regulatory or inducer gene
Proctor gene
Operator gene

42
Q

Hydrolizes the lactose into it’s monosaccharide components

A

Betagalactoidase

43
Q

Transports lactose across cell wall

A

Beta permease

44
Q

This transports lactose across cell membrane

A

Transacetylase

45
Q

When the inducible gene is continually on

A

Contituve induction

46
Q

The indictable gene is permanent turned off due to mutation

A

Constitute repression

47
Q

Permanent inheritable change in gene

A

Mutation

48
Q

Mutant strains not able to grow on basic or minimum culture medium

A

Auxotroph

49
Q

Normal or wild type organism that can grow on basic or minimal culture medium

A

Prototroph

Chapter 9 (1 decks)

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