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anatomy chapter 9 > chapter 9 > Flashcards

chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

why is synovial fluid important?

A

Its good at absorbing shock, it also supplies 02 and nutrients while removing co2 and metabolic waste

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2
Q

What are the accessory structures that are part of a synovial joint?

A
  1. fat pads
  2. Joint capsule
  3. Ligaments
  4. Bursae
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3
Q

What is bursae?

A

Bursae are fluid filled structures that cushion shock and minimize friction in the joints

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4
Q

What are the 5 functions of the menisci ?

A
  1. Absorbs shock
  2. Makes a better fitment between 2 articulating joints
  3. Helps with flexing of joints
  4. weight distribution
  5. Forms channels to keep synovial fluid running around joints
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5
Q

What are the 6 synovial joints?

A
  1. Planar joint
  2. Hinge joint
  3. Pivot joint
  4. Condyloid joint
  5. Saddle joint
  6. Ball-and-socket joint
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6
Q

What type of joint is a Planar joint and where is it found?

A

These joints are biaxial and triaxial. They are found in the navicular bone, the second and third cuneiform bones. IN THE FOOT

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7
Q

What type of joint is a Hinge joint and where is it found?

A

Hinge joint is a uniaxial joint. Its found between the trochlea of the humorous and the trochlear notch of the ulna at the elbow.

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8
Q

What type of joint is a Pivot joint and where is it found?

A

Pivot joint is a uniaxial joint. Its found between the head of the radius and radial notch of the ulna in the elbow.

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9
Q

What type of joint is a condyloid joint and where is it found?

A

Condyloid joint is a biaxial joint. Its found between the scaphoid, radius and lunate bones of the carpus. (wrist)

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10
Q

What type of joint is a saddle joint and where is it found?

A

Saddle joint is a biaxial joint. Its found between the trapezium of the carpus (wrist) and the metacarpal of the thumb.

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11
Q

What type of joint is a ball-and-socket and where is it found?

A

Ball-and-socket is a triaxial joint. Its found between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone.

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12
Q

What factors can affect range of motion in joints?

A
  1. Shape and structure of the articulating bone
    The shape determines how close they fit together.
  2. Strength and tension of muscle and joint ligaments either restrict of permits certain joint movements.
    3.Hormones (relaxin) increases flexibility of the pubic symphysis and loosens ligaments between the sacrum and the hip bone.
  3. Disuse of joint may restrict movement .
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13
Q

What are the 4 main categories of joint movement?

A
  1. Gliding movement
  2. Angular movement
  3. Rotation movement
  4. Special Movements
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14
Q

What are gliding movements?

Give an example.

A

Gliding movements are simple back and forth side to side movements. Limited range since there is no angle alterations.
Typically found in the carpus joints (wrist joints)

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15
Q

What are angular movements?

Give an example.

A

Angular movements are the increase or decrease of angle between bones.
Typically found in the movement between forearm and bicep.

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16
Q

What is flexion?

What type of movement?

A

Flexion is a decrease in angle.

Angular movement

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17
Q

What is extension?

What type of movement?

A

Extension is a increase in angle.

Angular movement

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18
Q

What is Abduction?

What type of movement?

A

Abduction is a movement away from the midline.

Angular movement

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19
Q

What is adduction?

What type of movement?

A

Adduction is a movement a movement towards the midline.

Angular movement

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20
Q

What is circumduction?

What type of movement?

A

Circumduction is the movement of a body part in a circular motion. BALL-AND-SOCKEY
Angular movement

21
Q

What is hyperextension?

What type of movement?

A

Hyperextension is the movement of a body part past normal extension.
Angular movement

22
Q

What are rotation movements?

Give an example.

A

Rotation involves a bone revolving around its own longitudinal axis.
Example: Turning your head left to right…

23
Q

What is Medial?

A

Medial is towards the midline.

24
Q

What is lateral

A

Later is away from the midline.

25
Q

Explain the elevation movement. Give an example.

What category of movement?

A

Elevation is an upward movement of a body part (closing the mouth)
Special movements.

26
Q

Explain the depression movement. Give an example.

What category of movement?

A

Depression movement is the downward movement of a body part. (opening the mouth)
Special movements.

27
Q

Explain the Protraction movement. Give an example.

What category of movement?

A

Protraction is the movement of a body part anteriorly. (pushing the jaw forward)
Special movements.

28
Q

Explain the retraction movement. Give an example.

What category of movement?

A

Retraction is the movement back to normal position. (pushing the jaw backwards)
Special movements.

29
Q

Explain the Inversion movement. Give an example.

What category of movement?

A

Inversion is the movement of the foot medially or inward.

Special movements.

30
Q

Explain the Eversion movement. Give an example.

What category of movement?

A

Eversion is the movement of the foot laterally or outward.

Special movements.

31
Q

Explain the Dorsiflexion movement. Give an example.

What category of movement?

A

Dorsiflexion is the bending of the foot upward at the ankle.

Special movements.

32
Q

Explain the Plantar Flexion movement. Give an example.

What category of movement?

A

Plantar Flexion is the bending of the foot downward at the ankle.
Special movements.

33
Q

Explain the Supination movement. Give an example.

What category of movement?

A

Supination is the movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned upward. Like carrying soup.
Special movements

34
Q

Explain the Pronation movement. Give an example.

What category of movement?

A

Pronation it the movement of the forearm so that the palm of the hand is turned downward.
Special movements.

35
Q

Explain the Opposition movement. Give an example.

What category of movement?

A

Opposition is the movement of a thumb across the palm to touch all other finger tips on the same hand.
Special movements

36
Q

when is arthroplasty performed and what does it entail?

A

Arthroplasty is performed when joints in places like hips and knees are worn out.

Its a procedure where either polymer or metal is used to replace worn out joints. In the hip the hip they reshape the acetabulum and replace the head of the femur.

37
Q

Explain osteoarthritis .

A

Osteoarthritus is mainly age related and is when the body stops producing as much synovial fluid. Ligaments become shorter and develop bone spurs.
Generally starts in bigger bones first.

38
Q

Explain rheumatoid arthritis.

A

Rheumatoid arthritis is immune related. The body doesn’t recognize itself and starts attacking joints and joint capsules. The joint becomes calcified and you lose movement.
Generally starts in small bones first, and can affect children.

39
Q

What are the classifications of structural joints?

A
  1. Fibrous joints
  2. Cartilaginous joints
  3. Synovial joints
40
Q

What are Fibrous joints?

A

Fibrous joints are held together by dense collagen fibers.

41
Q

What are Cartilaginous Joints?

A

Cartilaginous joints are held together by a bar of cartilage between to bones. They lack a synovial cavity and provide little or no movement.

42
Q

What are Synovial joints?

A

Synovial joints are the most complex. Ligaments hold bones together to form a synovial cavity and a freely moveable joint.
It has a two layered capsule the encloses the synovial cavity. An outer membrane and an inner synovial membrane.

43
Q

What are the sub categories of functional joints?

A
  1. synarthrosis (is a none moveable joint)
  2. Amphiarthrosis (a slightly moveable joint)
  3. Diarthrosis (a fully moveable joint)
44
Q

What is a synarthrosis joint?

A

Synarthrosis is a none moveable joint.

45
Q

What is a amphiarthrosis joint?

A

Amphiarthrosis joint is a slightly moveable joint.

46
Q

What is a diarthrosis joint?

A

A diarthrosis is a fully moveable joint.

47
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A

Fibrous joints are joints that lack cartilage and a synovial cavity. The bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue.

48
Q

Where are fibrous joints found?

A
  1. Sutures in the skull.
  2. Gomphoses- teeth joints
  3. Syndesmosis - Interosseous membrane between the tibia and fibia.
49
Q

Where are cartilaginous joints found?

A

Cartilaginous joints are found in the

  1. Synchondrosis, epiphyseal growth plates.
  2. Symphyses, Pubic symphysis and the intervertebal disks of the spine.

anatomy chapter 9 (1 decks)

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