Chapter 9 Flashcards
What limits the power of the gov’t and protects the rights of the individual?
The Bill of Rights
What amendments make up the Bill of Rights?
1st 10
What is the difference between a law and an amendment?
Law: a bill that gets passed
Amendment: a change to an existing law
How does an amendment get proposed?
May be proposed by 2/3 of Congress
How does an amendment then get ratified?
It must be ratified by 3/4 of the state legislatures
What five civil liberties does the 1st Amendment protect?
Freedom of speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition the government
What does the 2nd Amendment give you the right to own?
Firearms
What does the 4th Amendment protect you from? (Placed as a result of the Sugar Act)
Unreasonable searches
What Amendment is important for people accused of committing crimes?
The 5th
According to the 5th Amendment, natural rights cannot be taken away without what?
Due process of law
What amendment gives you the right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury?
6th amendment
What does the 9th Amendment keep the government from doing?
Claiming the Bill of Rights are the only rights Americans have
What was given power in the 10th Amendment for protection?
States
Who were the first President and Vice President in American history?
George Washington was our first president and John Adams was our first Vice President
What did each department of the Executive Branch deal with?
State Department: Handle relations with other nations
Treasury Department: Deals with financial matters
War Department: Deals with nation’s defense
Who makes up the cabinet of the President?
Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Henry Knox, and the Attorney General
Who was the first Secretary of State and Secretary of Treasury?
Thomas Jefferson, and Alexander Hamilton
What job title did Alexander Hamilton hold?
Secretary of Treasury
What act established a federal court system?
The Judiciary Act of 1789
What could federal courts do to state laws if deemed necessary?
Federal courts could overturn state laws
Who was John Jay?
1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
What is a national debt?
The amount of money the government owes
What did Alexander Hamilton want to do with state debts after the war?
Have the federal government take care of them
What area in America was against his plan and why did they feel this way?
The Southern States
Why did the South agree to accept Hamilton’s plan to lessen the national debt?
They would receive the capital being moved to the South
Why did Hamilton feel that it was ok for him to create a national bank?
He said that it fell within the intent of the Constitution
What is a tariff?
A tax on imported goods
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the federal government
Why did Washington not want to run for a third term to the Presidency?
He believed that political parties divided people
What are 3 aspects of the Federalist Party?
1) Favored a strong federal government
2) Rule by wealthy
3) Loose interpretation of the Constitution
What are 4 aspects of the Democratic-Republican Party?
1) State Banks
2) State Government
3) Rule by the people
4) Strict interpretation of the Constitution
How did Washington feel about political parties?
He thought that they divided people and kept the government from working together
What is favoring one side in a political decision?
Partisan
Before the Election of 1796, what was held for the first time to determine Presidential candidates?
Election with political party members
What was the crisis with France involving three agents that tried to get money from America?
XYZ Affair
Why were three acts created after the XYZ Affair?
Naturalization Act
Sedition Acts
Alien Acts
What was the Naturalization Act?
Required aliens to live in the US for 14 years before being able to apply for citizenship
What were the Alien Acts?
Allowed president to depart aliens
What was the Sedition Act?
A crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken the government
What Amendment did the Sedition Act contradict?
The 1st Amendment
