Chapter 9

Question 1

Language

Answer 1

Systematic, meaningful arrangement of symbols, and provides the basis for communication

Question 2

Production

Answer 2

Use of language to communicate

Comprehension processes production

Question 3

Broca’s Area

Answer 3

Involved in language production

Question 4

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 4

Language comprehension

Question 5

Aphasia

Answer 5

Disruption of the ability to understand

Question 6

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 6

Receptive aphasia

Not able to comprehend speech

Question 7

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 7

Expressive aphasia

Understand language but speak slowly, in simple sentences

Question 8

Prelinguistic vocalizations

Answer 8

Crying, cooing, babbling, gestures

All children babble the same sounds(even deaf children)

Question 9

Prelinguistic communication

Answer 9

First word is spoken

Usually a noun

Question 10

Language explosion

Answer 10

Between ages of 16 to 24 months

Question 11

Holophrase

Answer 11

One word utterances

Question 12

Telegraphic speech

Answer 12

Leads to linguistic inaccuracies
Words not critical are left out
Example: “I tired”

Question 13

Over Extension

Answer 13

Use a word to refer to more than it’s intended referent

Example: balloon and marble referred to as a ball

Question 14

Under extension

Answer 14

Use a word to refer to less than it’s intended referent

Question 15

Phonology

Answer 15

The basic sounds of language

Question 16

Phonemes

Answer 16

Basic units of sound in a language

Example: “ch” in “chug”

Question 17

Morphemes

Answer 17

Smallest language unit that has meaning 
    Example: firefighter 
                           Fire 
                           Fight 
                           Fighter

Question 18

Semanticity

Answer 18

Sounds or signs of a language have meaning

Question 19

Syntax

Answer 19

Ways words and phrases are combined to form sentences

Doubles each month

Question 20

Fast Mapping

Answer 20

A child’s ability to learn a new word or concept with minimal exposure to it

Question 21

Grammar

Answer 21

System of rules that determine how or thoughts can be expressed

Question 22

Pragmatic

Answer 22

The aspect of language related to communicating effectively and approximately with others

Question 23

Private speech

Answer 23

Speech by children that is spoken and directed to themselves
Example: A child talking themselves through coloring

Question 24

Social Speech

Answer 24

Speech directed toward another person and meant to be understood by others

Question 25

Alphabetic Principle

Answer 25

Letters of the alphabet represent sounds of the language | Reading/Writing

Question 26

Intonation

Answer 26

Tone of voice

Question 27

Metalinguistic Awareness

Answer 27

Knowledge of language | Understand words/define them

Question 28

Metaphor

Answer 28

Implied comparison between two unlike things | Example: "this classroom is like a zoo"

Question 29

Satire

Answer 29

Literary work in which irony, humor, exaggeration or redicule

Question 30

Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis

Answer 30

Language structures the way we perceive the world

Question 31

Learning Theory

Answer 31

``` Imitation and reinforcement Shaping Conditioning Parents serve as models Speech similar to adults ```

Question 32

Nativist Approach

Answer 32

Innate factors cause children to attend to and perceive language in certain ways

Question 33

Nativist Approach of Language

Answer 33

Uniqueness of speech countered by primate researchers

Question 34

Interactionist Approach

Answer 34

Interactionist view emphasizes that both biology and experience contribute to language development

Question 35

Bilingual

Answer 35

The ability to speak two different languages | Associated with cognitive development

Question 36

Immersion

Answer 36

Teach solely in one language

Question 37

Subtractive Bilingualism

Answer 37

Person learns a second language and ceases to use their native language

Question 38

Dual Language Approach

Answer 38

Teach in English and native language * Greater cognitive flexibility * Higher self Esteem * Higher IQ scores * Greater metalinguistic awareness