Chapter 9 Flashcards
Language
Systematic, meaningful arrangement of symbols, and provides the basis for communication
Production
Use of language to communicate
Comprehension processes production
Broca’s Area
Involved in language production
Wernicke’s Area
Language comprehension
Aphasia
Disruption of the ability to understand
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Receptive aphasia
Not able to comprehend speech
Broca’s aphasia
Expressive aphasia
Understand language but speak slowly, in simple sentences
Prelinguistic vocalizations
Crying, cooing, babbling, gestures
All children babble the same sounds(even deaf children)
Prelinguistic communication
First word is spoken
Usually a noun
Language explosion
Between ages of 16 to 24 months
Holophrase
One word utterances
Telegraphic speech
Leads to linguistic inaccuracies
Words not critical are left out
Example: “I tired”
Over Extension
Use a word to refer to more than it’s intended referent
Example: balloon and marble referred to as a ball
Under extension
Use a word to refer to less than it’s intended referent
Phonology
The basic sounds of language
Phonemes
Basic units of sound in a language
Example: “ch” in “chug”
Morphemes
Smallest language unit that has meaning
Example: firefighter
Fire
Fight
FighterSemanticity
Sounds or signs of a language have meaning
Syntax
Ways words and phrases are combined to form sentences
Doubles each month
Fast Mapping
A child’s ability to learn a new word or concept with minimal exposure to it
Grammar
System of rules that determine how or thoughts can be expressed
Pragmatic
The aspect of language related to communicating effectively and approximately with others
Private speech
Speech by children that is spoken and directed to themselves
Example: A child talking themselves through coloring
Social Speech
Speech directed toward another person and meant to be understood by others
Alphabetic Principle
Letters of the alphabet represent sounds of the language
Reading/Writing
Intonation
Tone of voice
Metalinguistic Awareness
Knowledge of language
Understand words/define them
Metaphor
Implied comparison between two unlike things
Example: “this classroom is like a zoo”
Satire
Literary work in which irony, humor, exaggeration or redicule
Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis
Language structures the way we perceive the world
Learning Theory
Imitation and reinforcement Shaping Conditioning Parents serve as models Speech similar to adults
Nativist Approach
Innate factors cause children to attend to and perceive language in certain ways
Nativist Approach of Language
Uniqueness of speech countered by primate researchers
Interactionist Approach
Interactionist view emphasizes that both biology and experience contribute to language development
Bilingual
The ability to speak two different languages
Associated with cognitive development
Immersion
Teach solely in one language
Subtractive Bilingualism
Person learns a second language and ceases to use their native language
Dual Language Approach
Teach in English and native language
- Greater cognitive flexibility
- Higher self Esteem
- Higher IQ scores
- Greater metalinguistic awareness
