Chapter 9

Question 1

Diffusion over large distances IS/IS NOT slow and inefficient because it relies on random movement of molecules and ions

Answer 1

diffusion over larger distances IS slower

Question 2

What statements are TRUE as a cell grows in size? - it has difficulty eliminating wastes - it has difficulty obtaining nutrients - its diffusion across the cell membrane is impaired - its surface area to volume ratio increases

Answer 2

All of them except that its surface area to volume does not increase

Question 3

During which phase of mitosis does DNA Replication occur

Answer 3

interphase

Question 4

Which phase of mitosis is the shortest?

Answer 4

metaphase

Question 5

How is the alignment of chromosomes maintained?

Answer 5

the tension between opposite spindle fibers

Question 6

What happens in telephase: do the chromosomes condense? or do the chromosomes relax?

Answer 6

chromosomes relax in telephase

Question 7

Why is it important that chromosomes condense during the first part of mitosis

Answer 7

to facilitate chromosome movement (to make it EASIER for chromosomes to move)

Question 8

Cytokineses in animal cell involves the formation of what?

Answer 8

protein belt

Question 9

What part of the cell does Colchicine affect?

Answer 9

spindle fibers

Question 10

Cytokinesis forms new cells differently in plant cells vs animal cells. What does cytokinesis form in plant cells?

Answer 10

cell plate

Question 11

What is mitosis

Answer 11

the division of the nucleus

Question 12

What are the 3 stages of interphase?

Answer 12

G1, synthesis, G2

Question 13

What is the longest stage of mitosis?

Answer 13

prophase

Question 14

What is the shortest phase of mitosis?

Answer 14

metaphase

Question 15

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 15

the splitting of the cytoplasm, producing two new daughter cells

Question 16

At what stage of mitosis are two new nuclei formed?

Answer 16

telephase

Question 17

During which phase are spindle fibers shortened and chromatids pulled towards the poles?

Answer 17

anaphase

Question 18

The cell cycle is divided into what 3 stages?

Answer 18

interphase mitosis cytokinesis

Question 19

During prophase, what do the centrioles do?

Answer 19

migrate to the poles

Question 20

In what type of cell (plant or animal) does cytokinesis begin with a FURROW that pinches the cell

Answer 20

animal cells only

Question 21

What is the structure on a chromosome where the sister chromatids meet?

Answer 21

centromere

Question 22

Which of these does NOT happen by the end of PROPHASE? - break down of the nuclear envelope - lining up of the chromosomes in the cell - tighter coiling of the chromosomes - disappearing of the nucleolus

Answer 22

lining up of the chromosomes in the cell

Question 23

Is the process of cell division complete after telephase or after cytokinesis?

Answer 23

not until after cytokinesis! It is not complete after telophase!

Question 24

Do prokaryotes (like bacteria) divide by mitosis?

Answer 24

NO

Question 25

Why is the second stage of interphase called "synthesis"?

Answer 25

because DNA synthesis is taking place

Question 26

What is the typical growth period stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 26

G1

Question 27

The cell in Fig 9-5 is undergoing mitosis. What stage of mitosis will follow this?

Answer 27

metaphase

Question 28

Fig 9-4 illustrates which phase?

Answer 28

metaphase

Question 29

What are the two types of stem cells?

Answer 29

embryonic stem cells & adult stem cells

Question 30

Do embryonic stem cells come from a blob of cells formed shortly after a human baby is conceived, or do they come from various tissues in the body?

Answer 30

from a blob of cells formed shortly after the human body is conceived

Question 31

What do scientists call unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells?

Answer 31

stem cells

Question 32

Why does a stem cell have potential medical uses?

Answer 32

because it is not formed in form or in function

Question 33

What binds with Cyclin dependent kinases to initiate different stages of mitosis

Answer 33

Cyclin

Question 34

Dies Cyclin bind with Cyclin dependent Kinases to initiate different stages of mitosis

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

What is the cell cycle regulated by?

Answer 35

cyclins

Question 36

What is built into the cell cycle that can stop at any time?

Answer 36

check points

Question 37

What is the role of cyclin dependent kinases in the cell cycle?

Answer 37

to initiate various stages of the cell cycle

Question 38

Will a cell (like a nerve cell) exit the cell cycle after Gap 2?

Answer 38

no, false

Question 39

In fig 9-5, which checkpoint has the cell just passed? Which stage of mitosis will follow this?

Answer 39

Gap 2 stage; Metaphase

Question 40

What is cancer caused by?

Answer 40

mutations

Question 41

Why can cancer cells rapidly reproduce?

Answer 41

They spend less time in interphase

Question 42

According to graph 9-2, which of the cells is likely cancerous? (a, b, c, d) What is a likely explanation for what happened to cells b & d?

Answer 42

cell a; Cells b & d died because the cancerous cells deprived them of nutrients

Question 43

What is the result if cells do not respond to the normal mechanisms that control cell division?

Answer 43

cancer

Question 44

What is the programmed cell death that some cells go through?

Answer 44

apoptosis

Question 45

A cell has 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

Answer 45

12

Question 46

![]() What stage of mitosis is this?

Answer 46

Metaphase

Question 47

![]() What stage of mitosis is this?

Answer 47

Telophase

Question 48

![]() What stage of mitosis is this?

Answer 48

Prophase

Question 49

![]() What stage of mitosis is this?

Answer 49

Anaphase