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Intro To Pyscology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Internal representation

A

Mental expression of a problem or situation

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2
Q

Concept

A

Generalized idea representing a category of related objects or events

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3
Q

Concept formation

A

Process of classifying information into meaningful categories

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4
Q

Semantics

A

Study of meanings in language and words

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5
Q

Phonemes

A

Basic speech sounds of a language

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6
Q

Morphemes

A

Speech sounds collected into meaningful units, like syllables or words

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7
Q

Grammar

A

Set of rules for making sounds into words and words into sentences

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8
Q

Syntax

A

Rules for word order in sentences

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9
Q

Transformation rules

A

Rules that allow us to change a declarative sentence into other voices (passive,active) or forms

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10
Q

ASL

A

Language used by deaf and hearing-impaired people

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11
Q

Insight

A

Sudden mental reorganization of a problem that makes the solution obvious

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12
Q

Insight involves 3 abilities

A

Selective encoding, selective combination ,selective comparison

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13
Q

Selective encoding

A

Selecting information that is relevant to a problem while ignoring distractions

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14
Q

Selective combination

A

Connecting seemingly unrelated bits of useful information

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15
Q

Selective comparison

A

Comparing new problems with old information or with problems already solved ( strenberg & Davidson,1982)

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16
Q

Creative thinking

A

Inductive,deductive,logical,& illogical thoughts

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17
Q

Inductive thought

A

Going from specific facts or observations to general principles

18
Q

Deductive thought

A

Going from general principles to specific situations

19
Q

Logical thought

A

Going from given information to new conclusions based on explicit rules

20
Q

Illogical thought

A

Thought that is intuitive,associative , or personal

21
Q

Stages of creative thought

A

Orientation, preparation , incubation , illumination , verification

22
Q

Orientation

A

Defining the problem

23
Q

Preparation

A

Gaining as much information as possible

24
Q

Incubation

A

The problem, while not appearing to be actively worked on, is still “cooking” in the background

25
Q

Illumination

A

The “ a-ha” experience , rapid insight into the situation

26
Q

Verification

A

Testing and critically evaluating the solution

27
Q

Intelligence

A

Global capacity to act purposefully, thing rationally, and deal effectively with the environment

28
Q

G-factor

A

General ability factor, or core general intelligence that involves reasoning, problem-solving ability, knowledge , memory , and successful adaptation to ones surroundings

29
Q

What’s are the two ages ?

A

Chronological age and mental age

30
Q

Chronological age

A

Persons age in years

31
Q

Mental age

A

Average intellectual performance

32
Q

Intelligence quotient ( IQ )

A

Intelligence index, mental age divided by chronological age , the multiplied by 100

33
Q

Average IQ

A

In the USA is 100

34
Q

IQ ranges

A

Normal(bell-shaped) curve , giftedness , intellectual disability , familial intellectual disability , organic

35
Q

Normal(bell-shaped) curve

A

Most scores fall to the average, and very few are found at the extremes

36
Q

Giftedness

A

Having a high IQ(130+) or special talents or abilities

37
Q

Intellectual disability

A

Presence of a developmental disability and an IQ score below 70 (impairment in basic skills such as dressing,eating, working , hygiene , necessary for self-care )

38
Q

Familial intellectual disability

A

Mild intellectual disability that occurs in homes that have inadequate nutrition, intellectual stimulation , medical care , and emotional support

39
Q

Organic(physical) causes of intellectual disability

A

Birth injuries: lack of oxygen during delivery

Fetal damage: prenatal damage from diseases, infection, or drug use

Metabolic disorder

Genetic abnormalities

40
Q

Cognition

A

Mentally processing information (images,concept,etc.)thinking

Intro To Pyscology (1 decks)

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