Chapter 9 Flashcards
What is the most important factor affecting how atoms form chemical bonds?
The number of valence electrons in each atom involved.
What is an attractive force between atoms that is strong enough to enable the group to act as a unit?
A chemical bond
What is the octet rule?
The statement that the valence shell of an atom wants to have eight electrons.
Elements toward the left of the periodic table tend to ________ electrons in bonding, while elements toward the right of the periodic table tend to _________ electrons in bonding.
Lose
Gain
What is a chemical bond in which positively charged ions are electrically attracted to negatively charged ions?
Ionic bond
The elements on the ______ of the periodic table- metals -react with those elements on the far ______- nonmetals (excluding the noble gases) -to form ionic crystalline solids.
Left side
Far right
What should we associate covalent bonding with?
Sharing electrons
What is a chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence electrons between atoms?
A Covalent bond
The mutual attraction of both positive nuclei for the negatively charged electron cloud holds the nuclei together in a covalent bond.
Each paired electron results in a single covalent bond.
When two atoms share a single pair of electrons, the bond is what?
a Single Bond
A single covalent bond
When atoms share two pairs of electrons it forms a what?
Double bond
What is formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons?
A triple bond
Some substances containing covalent do not exist as discrete molecules, nor do they have the usual properties of covalent compounds, such as low melting points. These substances are known as ___________ because they are composed of billions or trillions of atoms that are bonded together into a single unit by strong covalent bonds.
Covalent network
Generally, covalent bonds hold atoms together in discrete molecules.
When two atoms share a single pair of electrons, the bond is what?
a Single Bond
A single covalent bond
When atoms share two pairs of electrons it forms a what?
Double bond
What is formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons?
A triple bond
Some substances containing covalent do not exist as discrete molecules, nor do they have the usual properties of covalent compounds, such as low melting points. These substances are known as ___________ because they are composed of billions or trillions of atoms that are bonded together into a single unit by strong covalent bonds.
Covalent network
Generally, covalent bonds hold atoms together in discrete molecules.
The chemical bonds that bind atoms together in a metal are what? Like in covalent bonds, these bonds involve in sharing, rather than the transfer of electrons.
Metallic bonds
The large number of freely circulating electrons gives metals their characteristic properties.
In most cases, the what in compounds is not completely ionic, covalent, or metallic?
Bonding
A bond is considered predominantly ionic if the electronegativity difference between the two bonded atoms is greater than what number?
1.7
A covalent bond in which both atoms share electrons equally is what?
A Nonpolar bond
A covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally between atoms is what?
A Polar bond
What is only a fraction of a full charge? What are they represented by?
Partial charge
Represented by the lower case Delta
What is a bond or molecule that has a negative end and a positive end? It has two poles.
Dipole
What term refers to a situation in which electrons are shared by more than two atoms?
Delocalization
