Chapter 9

Question 1

Mugwumps or progressives

Answer 1

Republican Party faction of the 1890s to the 1910s, composed of reformers who opposed patronage

Question 2

Political party

Answer 2

A group that seeks to elect candidates to public office

Question 3

Split ticket

Answer 3

Voting for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election

Question 4

Straight ticket

Answer 4

Voting for candidates of the same party

Question 5

Office-bloc ballot

Answer 5

A ballot listing all candidates of a given office under the name of that office; also called a “Massachusetts” ballot.

Question 6

Party-column ballot

Answer 6

A ballot listing all candidates of a given party together under the name of that party; also called an “Indiana” ballot

Question 7

National Convention

Answer 7

A meeting of party delegates held every 4 years

Question 8

National committee

Answer 8

Delegates who run party affairs between national conventions

Question 9

Congressional campaign committee

Answer 9

A party committee in congress that provides funds to members and would be members

Question 10

National chair

Answer 10

Day-to-day party manager elected by the national committee

Question 11

Superdelegates

Answer 11

Party leaders and elected officials who become delegates to the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses – most active in the party

Question 12

Political machine

Answer 12

A party organizations that recruits members by dispensing patronage

Question 13

Ideological party

Answer 13

A party that values principled stands on issues above all else

Question 14

Solidary incentives

Answer 14

The social rewards (sense of pleasure, status, or companionship) that lead people to join political organizations

Question 15

Sponsored party

Answer 15

A local or state political party largely supported by another organization in the community

Question 16

Personal following

Answer 16

The political support provided to a candidate on the basis of personal popularity and networks

Question 17

Two-party system

Answer 17

An electoral system with two dominant parties that compete in national elections elections

Question 18

Plurality system

Answer 18

An electoral system in which the winner is the person who gets the most votes, even if he or she does not receive a majority; used in almost all American elections

Question 19

Caucus

Answer 19

A meeting of party members to select delegates backing one or another primary candidates

Question 20

Material incentives

Answer 20

Some sort of material benefit (i.e. AARP offers discounts, insurance plan, etc)

Question 21

Purposive Incentives

Answer 21

Satisfaction of taking action when the goals of a group focus on a persons’ personal beliefs or principles (i.e. Abortion, gun control, environment)

Question 22

Institutional interest

Answer 22

Represent other organizations (large corporations, like General Motors)
Lobby for favorite legislation for their organization
Can be public like a university, city, or state

Question 23

Membership interest

Answer 23

Individual Americans joining a cause
Pay dues/donations
Social, business, professional, veterans, charitable, and religious

Question 24

Types of interest groups

Answer 24

Agricultural
Labor
Business
Professional

Question 25

Business group

Answer 25

Pharmaceutical companies - one of the largest (I.e. National association of manufacturers)

Question 26

Labor groups

Answer 26

Organization of workers who share the same type of job or work in the same industry (i.e. ALF-CIO)

Question 27

Agricultural groups

Answer 27

The farm bureau - “champion of the dirt farmers”

Question 28

Professional groups

Answer 28

Medicine, law, and teaching- maintain organizations to protect and promote their interests

Question 29

Religious Organizations

Answer 29

Try to influence policy in several important areas

Question 30

Unorganized poor

Answer 30

For the most part remain unrepresentative as an interest group

Question 31

Supplying credible information

Answer 31

They provide their members with what their legislator is doing, keep them informed (ranking/rating system)
Educate their members on their issue/interest
Supply key information (useful, specialized & detailed) to the government

Question 32

Raising public support

Answer 32

Used to rely on face-to-face
Grassroots activities are increasing, there is more public pressure to tell a politician what you think - email, direct tv, blogs, faxes

Question 33

AstroTurf lobbying

Answer 33

“Synthetic” (fake) grassroots movements that can be “manufactured” for a fee by companies
Unlike genuine grassroots activism which tends to be money-poor but people-rich, AstroTurf campaigns are typically people-poor but cash-rich

Question 34

Creating PACs & Campaign Contributions

Answer 34

Giving money is the least effective but they still do it- donations to candidates directly
Doesn’t necessarily lead to vote buying

Question 35

Citizens United

Answer 35

Changed everything- superPACs emerge & can spend UNLIMITED amounts of money on independent ads

Question 36

Employing former government officials

Answer 36

Hundreds of government employees go to work for SIGS & PACs - revolving door, inconclusive if there’s corruption

Question 37

Leading litigation

Answer 37

They finance and provide for representation in landmark court cases - NAACP is famous for this
(i.e. Brown v. Board of Education)

Question 38

Lobby regulation

Answer 38

Lobbyists have to register with the clerk of the house and the secretary of the senate - describe in detail who they are, who they represent and a description of their activities in a semi-annual report