Chapter 9 Flashcards
Attachment styles
Typical ways of interacting in close relationships
Close relationships
Relatively long–lasting relationships in which frequent interactions occur in a variety of settings and in which the impact of the interactions is strong
Commitment
The decision and intent to maintain a relationship in spite of the diffculties and costs that may arise
Comparison Level
One’s standard of what constitutes an acceptable balance of rewards and costs in a relationship.
Comparison Level for alternatives
One’s estimation of the available outcomes from alternative relationships
Heterosexism
The assumption that all individuals and relationships are heterosexual
Interdependence Theory
The idea that interpersonal relationships are governed by perceptions of the rewards and costs exchanged in interactions. Also See social exchange theory
Intimacy
Warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship.
Investments
Things that people contribute to a relationship that they can’t get back if the relationship ends
Loneliness
The emotional state that occurs when a person has fewer interpersonal relationships than desired or when these relationships are not as satisfying as desired
Matching Hypothesis
The idea that people of similar levels of physical attractiveness gravitate toward each other
Mere exposure event
An increase in positive feelings toward a novel stimulus (such as a person) based on frequent exposure to it
Parential investment theory
The idea that a species’ mating patterns depend on what each sex has to invest—in the way of time, energy, and survival risk—to produce and nurture offspring
Passion
The intense feelings (both positive and negative) experienced in love relationships, including sexual desire
Proximity
Geographic, residential, and other forms of spatial closeness
Reciprocal liking
Liking those who show they like you
Relationship Maintance
The actions and activities used to sustain the desired quality of a relationship
Sexual Orientation
A person’s preference for emotional and sexual relationships with individuals of the same gender, the other gender, or either gender.
Shyness
Discomfort, inhibition, and excessive caution in interpersonal relations.
Social exchange theory
The idea that interpersonal relationships are governed by perceptions of the rewards and costs exchanged in interactions.
According to Sternberg’s triangular theory of love, companionate love can be divided into which of the following components?
a. Friendship and passion
b. Intimacy and infatuation
c. Commitment and intimacy
d. Sexuality and commitment
C
The idea that interpersonal relationships are governed by perceptions of rewards and costs is a key premise in:
a. social exchange theory.
b. the matching hypothesis.
c. social comparison theory.
d. the theory of cognitive dissonance.
A
According to evolutionary psychologists, women seeking a prospective mate are likely to display the most interest in characteristics that denote a man’s:
a. intelligence.
b. financial prospects.
c. reproductive capacity.
d. capacity for resource acquisition.
D
Hazan and Shaver found that, like infants in their attachment relationships, adults fall into the following three categories in their love relationships:
a. secure, insecure, volatile.
b. ambitious, authentic, altruistic.
c. avoidant, anxious-ambivalent, secure.
d. intimate, approach-avoidant, secure.
C
The “similarity principle” tends to be found most frequently in:
a. heterosexual couples.
b. homosexual couples.
c. friendships.
d. all of these.
D
In general, women’s friendships are more likely to focus on ________, whereas men’s friendships tend to be based on ________.
a. shared interests; family events
b. family events; emotional intimacy
c. shared interests; financial matters
d. emotional intimacy; shared interests
D
Most homosexual women prefer to call themselves:
a. gay.
b. lesbians.
c. bisexuals.
d. homosexuals.
B
________ refers to geographic, residential, and other forms of spatial closeness.
a. Proximity
b. Familiarity
c. Similarity
d. Personal space
A
The idea that interpersonal relationships are governed by perceptions of rewards and costs is a key premise in:
a. social exchange theory.
b. the matching hypothesis.
c. social comparison theory.
d. the theory of cognitive dissonance.
A
In an international Internet survey, Lippa found all of the following except:
a. intelligence and humor were ranked higher than good looks by men and women.
b. men ranked good looks higher than kindness or intelligence.
c. men ranked good looks higher than women.
d. communication skills were ranked lower than humor by men and women.
B
