Chapter 9

Question 1

Attachment styles

Answer 1

Typical ways of interacting in close relationships

Question 2

Close relationships

Answer 2

Relatively long–lasting relationships in which frequent interactions occur in a variety of settings and in which the impact of the interactions is strong

Question 3

Commitment

Answer 3

The decision and intent to maintain a relationship in spite of the diffculties and costs that may arise

Question 4

Comparison Level

Answer 4

One’s standard of what constitutes an acceptable balance of rewards and costs in a relationship.

Question 5

Comparison Level for alternatives

Answer 5

One’s estimation of the available outcomes from alternative relationships

Question 6

Heterosexism

Answer 6

The assumption that all individuals and relationships are heterosexual

Question 7

Interdependence Theory

Answer 7

The idea that interpersonal relationships are governed by perceptions of the rewards and costs exchanged in interactions. Also See social exchange theory

Question 8

Intimacy

Answer 8

Warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship.

Question 9

Investments

Answer 9

Things that people contribute to a relationship that they can’t get back if the relationship ends

Question 10

Loneliness

Answer 10

The emotional state that occurs when a person has fewer interpersonal relationships than desired or when these relationships are not as satisfying as desired

Question 11

Matching Hypothesis

Answer 11

The idea that people of similar levels of physical attractiveness gravitate toward each other

Question 12

Mere exposure event

Answer 12

An increase in positive feelings toward a novel stimulus (such as a person) based on frequent exposure to it

Question 13

Parential investment theory

Answer 13

The idea that a species’ mating patterns depend on what each sex has to invest—in the way of time, energy, and survival risk—to produce and nurture offspring

Question 14

Passion

Answer 14

The intense feelings (both positive and negative) experienced in love relationships, including sexual desire

Question 15

Proximity

Answer 15

Geographic, residential, and other forms of spatial closeness

Question 16

Reciprocal liking

Answer 16

Liking those who show they like you

Question 17

Relationship Maintance

Answer 17

The actions and activities used to sustain the desired quality of a relationship

Question 18

Sexual Orientation

Answer 18

A person’s preference for emotional and sexual relationships with individuals of the same gender, the other gender, or either gender.

Question 19

Shyness

Answer 19

Discomfort, inhibition, and excessive caution in interpersonal relations.

Question 20

Social exchange theory

Answer 20

The idea that interpersonal relationships are governed by perceptions of the rewards and costs exchanged in interactions.

Question 21

According to Sternberg’s triangular theory of love, companionate love can be divided into which of the following components?

a. Friendship and passion
b. Intimacy and infatuation
c. Commitment and intimacy
d. Sexuality and commitment

Answer 21

C

Question 22

The idea that interpersonal relationships are governed by perceptions of rewards and costs is a key premise in:

a. social exchange theory.
b. the matching hypothesis.
c. social comparison theory.
d. the theory of cognitive dissonance.

Answer 22

A

Question 23

According to evolutionary psychologists, women seeking a prospective mate are likely to display the most interest in characteristics that denote a man’s:

a. intelligence.
b. financial prospects.
c. reproductive capacity.
d. capacity for resource acquisition.

Answer 23

D

Question 24

Hazan and Shaver found that, like infants in their attachment relationships, adults fall into the following three categories in their love relationships:

a. secure, insecure, volatile.
b. ambitious, authentic, altruistic.
c. avoidant, anxious-ambivalent, secure.
d. intimate, approach-avoidant, secure.

Answer 24

C

Question 25

The “similarity principle” tends to be found most frequently in:

a. heterosexual couples.
b. homosexual couples.
c. friendships.
d. all of these.

Answer 25

D

Question 26

In general, women’s friendships are more likely to focus on ________, whereas men’s friendships tend to be based on ________.

a. shared interests; family events
b. family events; emotional intimacy
c. shared interests; financial matters
d. emotional intimacy; shared interests

Answer 26

D

Question 27

Most homosexual women prefer to call themselves:

a. gay.
b. lesbians.
c. bisexuals.
d. homosexuals.

Answer 27

B

Question 28

________ refers to geographic, residential, and other forms of spatial closeness.

a. Proximity
b. Familiarity
c. Similarity
d. Personal space

Answer 28

A

Question 29

The idea that interpersonal relationships are governed by perceptions of rewards and costs is a key premise in:

a. social exchange theory.
b. the matching hypothesis.
c. social comparison theory.
d. the theory of cognitive dissonance.

Answer 29

A

Question 30

In an international Internet survey, Lippa found all of the following except:

a. intelligence and humor were ranked higher than good looks by men and women.
b. men ranked good looks higher than kindness or intelligence.
c. men ranked good looks higher than women.
d. communication skills were ranked lower than humor by men and women.

Answer 30

B