Chapter 9 Flashcards
Definition: LAND AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Land without delay to the nearest suitable area (i.e., open field) in which a safe approach and landing is reasonably assured. (The primary consideration is to ensure the survival of the occupants.)
Definition: LAND AS SON AS PRACTICALBE
The landing site and duration of the flight are at the discretion of the pilot. Extended flight beyond the nearest approved landing area is not recommended. (The primary consideration is the urgency of the emergency.)
AUTOROTATE
The term Autorotate is defined as adjusting the flight controls as necessary to establish an autorotational descent and landing. 1. Collective – Adjust as required to maintain rotor RPM (90 to 107%). 2. Pedals – Adjust. Crab or Slip as required. 3. Throttle – Adjust as necessary. Close as required. 4. Airspeed – Adjust as required.
EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN
- The term Emergency Shutdown is defined as engine shutdown without delay. 2. Throttle – Close. 3. Fuel Valve Switch – OFF 4. BATT Switch – OFF as desired. Before turning the battery switch off during an inflight emergency, the pilot should consider a “MAYDAY” call, selecting emergency on the transponder and the possible effects of total electrical failure.
AUTOROTATIONAL AIRSPEEDS
- Airspeed for minimum rate of descent is 52 KIAS. 2. Airspeed for maximum glide distance is 69 KIAS.
ENGINE FAILURE AT A HOVER
Autorotate Emer Shutdown – Accomplish after landing.
ENGINE FAILURE – LOW ALTITUDE/LOW AIRSPEED or CRUISE
Autorotate Emer Shutdown – Accomplish during descent if time permits.
ENGINE RESTART – DURING FLIGHT
CAUTION Do not attempt air start above 12,000 feet MSL (TURB OUT TEMP rises too fast to control). After an engine failure in flight, an engine start may be attempted. Because the exact cause of engine failure cannot be determined in flight, the decision to attempt the start will depend on the altitude and time available, rate of descent, potential landing areas, and crew assistance available. 52 to 60 KIAS is recommended during the descent. Under ideal conditions, approximately one minute is required to regain powered flight from the attempted start is begun. If the decision is made to attempt an in-flight start: Throttle – Close. Fuel Valve Switch – On. Attempt start. Land as soon as possible.
ENGINE COMPRESSOR STALL
Engine compressor stall may be characterized by a sharp rumble or a series of loud sharp reports, severe engine vibration and a rapid rise in TURB OUT TEMP. Should engine compressor stall occur: Collective – Reduce. Engine Anti-ice and Heater switches – OFF. Land as soon as possible.
ENGINE OVERSPEED
Engine overspeed will be indicated by a right yaw, rapid increase in both rotor and engine RPM, and an increase in engine and rotor noise. If an engine overspeed is experienced:
- Collective – Increase to load the rotor and sustain engine/rotor RPM below the maximum operating limit.
- Throttle – Adjust until normal operating RPM is attained.
- Land as soon as possible. Perform a power-on approach and landing by controlling the RPM manually with the throttle. If RPM cannot be controlled by throttle adjustment:
- Autorotate when over a safe landing area.
- Emer Shutdown – Accomplish during descent if time permits.
ENGINE UNDERSPEED
If an engine underspeed occurs, the collective must be adjusted downward to maintain rotor RPM within limits. If powered flight with rotor in the green can be accomplished: Land as soon as possible in an area that will permit a run-on landing. An engine underspeed below 90% results in rotor RPM decay below minimum safe limits. Should this occur: Autorotate. Emer Shutdown – Accomplish during the descent if time permits.
ENGINE SURGES
If surges in engine RPM are experienced: a. GOV INCR switch – INCR for maximum RPM. b. Throttle – Adjust to 97% N2. c. Land as soon as possible. If engine surges are not controlled in steps a. and b. above, proceed as follows: a. Autorotate – When over a safe landing area. b. Emer Shutdown – Accomplish during descent if time permits.
LOW INLET PRESSURE/ENGINE ICING
a. LOW INLET PRESSURE CAUTION LIGHT ON 1. ENGINE ALTERNATE AIR SWITCH – OPEN. 2. If caution light remains ON, Land As Soon As Possible. 3. If caution light goes out, Land As Soon As Practicable. Related engine parameters should be monitored frequently until landing. b. ENGINE ICING NOTE When anti-ice system is ON, TOT will rise for same power setting. 1. ENGINE ANTI-ICING switch – ON (if conditions warrant). 2. TURB OUT TEMP – Maintain within limits.
LOW ENGINE OIL PRESSURE/HIGH ENGINE OIL TEMPERATURE
If the engine oil pressure is below 50 PSI or the temperature is above 107 deg C - Land as soon as possible. If the engine oil pressure is falling or low and the oil temperature is rising or high, a severe leak may be present.
AIR CONDITIONING MALFUNCTION
The type of malfunction that would create a potential emergency involves a failure of the compressor or drive belt that would cause a noticeable vibration or noise. Air Conditioning and Fan switch – OFF. Land as soon as practicable.
