Chapter 9

Question 1

Marx’s Class Analysis

Answer 1

Capitalist/control major capitals

Working/ survive on wages

Question 2

Socialism

Answer 2

economic arrangement in which the state owns the major means of production on behalf of workers - getting rid of class

Question 3

Petite bourgeoisie

Answer 3

Small business

Question 4

Weber

Answer 4

Class, Social status, Political power

Question 5

Life Chances

Answer 5

likelihood a person has of obtaining valued economic and cultural resources

Question 6

Stratification- Weber

Answer 6

believed that an unequal distribution of society’s rewards is necessary to encourage people to take on the more complicated and important work that required many years of training. They believed that the rewards attached to a particular job reflect its importance to society.

Question 7

Problems with Functionalist perspective

Answer 7

Barriers of mobility often prevents deserving individuals from advancing - fails to determine “most important positions”

Question 8

What determines class?

Answer 8

Race Gender Ethnicity

Question 9

Wealth

Answer 9

value of financial assets such as savings real estate stocks and bonds minus any outstanding debts

Question 10

Income

Answer 10

money recieved from sources such as wages and salaries as well as from interests and rent

Question 11

Upper class

Answer 11

Top corporate executives, wealth inherited , stocks real estate major investments

Question 12

Middle Class

Answer 12

Engineers, Scientist, Lawyer, College education essential, small home investment

Question 13

Working Class

Answer 13

Skills / unskilled labor, office workers, sale clerks, customer service

Question 14

Lower class

Answer 14

public assistance, less than high school diploma, in debt no assets

Question 15

Class mobility

Answer 15

the ability to move from one social class to another

Question 16

Structural mobility

Answer 16

shift in available occupations changes the class system as a whole

Question 17

Individual mobility

Answer 17

when a persons class position changes without any change in class structure

Question 18

conspicuous consumption

Answer 18

lavish spending done to compete for status

Question 19

Absolute poverty

Answer 19

scarcity of resources / life threatening

Question 20

Relative poverty

Answer 20

lack of basic resources needed to maintain standard of living

Question 21

Justifying Inequality

Answer 21

• equal opportunity to succeed
• success based on merit
• achieve success through individual ability and hard work

Question 22

Cultural Capital

Answer 22

consists of various types of knowledge skills and other cultural resources

Question 23

Social Capital

Answer 23

relationships that are potentially economically valuable resulting from membership in a group

Question 24

Accomplished of natural growth

Answer 24

working class, play, tell children what to do

Question 25

Concerted cultivation

Answer 25

tutors, music lessons, treat them as little adults

Question 26

Ethnicity

Answer 26

shared cultural heritage often derived from common ancestry

Question 27

Race

Answer 27

category of people widely percieved as sharing socially significant physical characteristics like skin color

Question 28

Racism

Answer 28

The belief that one race is superior

Question 29

Racial Essentialism

Answer 29

the idea that supposedly natural and immutable differences separate race

Question 30

Sex

Answer 30

biological distinction between males and females

Question 31

Gender

Answer 31

Cultural expectations- Woman/dresses

Question 32

Intersexual

Answer 32

individuals born with different sexual anatomy than they relate to

Question 33

Gender stratifiction

Answer 33

systematic unequal distribution of power and resources in society between woman and men

Question 34

Patriarchy

Answer 34

social system dominated by men

Question 35

Matriarchy

Answer 35

social system dominated by woman

Question 36

Glass Ceiling

Answer 36

Invisible barrier created by individuals and institutional sexism that prevents qualified woman from advancing to high levels of leadership or management

Question 37

Kinship

Answer 37

Family bonds

Question 38

Social Functions of family

Answer 38

Social stability, Material Aid, Inheritance, Care, Sexual regulation, Emotional comfort

Question 39

Nucleur family

Answer 39

parents and children

Question 40

Endogamy

Answer 40

Ability to marry someone in social class

Question 41

Exogamy

Answer 41

Marry someone out of class

Question 42

Functions of Religion

Answer 42

Promotes social solidarity, form of social control, psychological benefits, motivate social action

Question 43

Ethic of reciprocity

Answer 43

Golden rule, treat others like you'd like to be treated

Question 44

Secularization

Answer 44

decline in the social significance of religious beliefs practices and institutions

Question 45

Secular Humanism

Answer 45

belief system that emphasizes morality and decision making based on reason or ethics rather than religion

Question 46

Civil Religion

Answer 46

set of common beliefs and ritual practices that bind people in a secular society

Question 47

democracy

Answer 47

right to vote - leaders voted on

Question 48

plurity vote

Answer 48

winner take all system

Question 49

proportional representation

Answer 49

seats in govt based on votes

Question 50

spiral of silence

Answer 50

keeping quiet about controversial issues when they think their opinion is not widely shared

Question 51

power elite

Answer 51

big business taking power

Question 52

class domination

Answer 52

power concentrated on the rich

Question 53

capitalism

Answer 53

private ownership of the means of production for profit