Chapter 9 Flashcards
What had replaced the Tsar after his abdication in 1917?
The Provisional Government and the All- Russia -Soviet
Who was the PG made up of?
Remaining members of the Duma who refused to leave after it was dissolved during the 1917 revolution.
Why was legitimacy a problem for the PG?
They had not been voted into power
Which parties dominated the PG?
Octobrists and Kadets
Who were the Soviet made up of?
Workers, soldiers and sailors
Who was able to pass laws for Russia?
Both the PG and the Soviet, but only if both governing bodies were in agreement.
What was ‘Order number 1’, who issued it, and what effect did this have?
Required all officers to be voted for by their troops
The Soviet
It undermined the authority of officers
It also stated that any military orders made by the PG had to be agreed with by the Soviet, reducing the PG’s power
Which politician had the best links between the Soviet and the PG? What did he later become?
Kerensky.
Prime minister and head of PG (1917)
Were the PG more conservative or radical?
Conservative
Were the Soviet more conservative or radical?
Radical
In October 1917, in the Soviet, which party had the greatest influence: the Bolsheviks or the Mensheviks?
Bolsheviks
Where had Russia lost territory in WW1 1917?
Poland and western Russia
How was morale within the Russian army? What did this lead to?
Low, leading to mutinies and desertions.
How had WW1 affected the economy?
Drained it, Russia was essentially bankrupt
What is paradoxical about the funding from Britain and France?
The war had drained the country economically, and Russia’s only way to replenish it was to persist in the war effort
What effect did fighting for democracy instead of autocracy have in the army?
Why did it not last long?
Boosted morale
Supplies were still low
How did WW1 cause disputes between the PG and the Soviet?
The PG wanted an imperialist war (to gain territory) whereas The Soviet wanted to defend, fighting for peace
Who from the PG resigned after the demonstrations against the war occurred in Petrograd?
Milyukov (foreign minister)
Guchkov (war minister)
What was the June Offensive?
An attack on Austro-Hungary, on the south-western front of Galacia.
During the June Offensive, what followed the Austro-Hungarian counter attack?
Mass desertations
12,000 were caught, and reports were received of troops firing their own officers
What were the July Days and how did they affect the PG
Riots in 1917 that were similar to the revoluition. The PG under Prince Lvov did not survive.
How did the PG (after the July days) differ from its predecessor?
It was a more ‘radical’.
How did the PG govern the countryside?
It was not able to effectively, as it was too centralised and lack experience
What did the ungoverned countryside lead to?
Peasants redistributing their own land and being violent towards land owners.
