Chapter 9

Question 1

What had replaced the Tsar after his abdication in 1917?

Answer 1

The Provisional Government and the All- Russia -Soviet

Question 2

Who was the PG made up of?

Answer 2

Remaining members of the Duma who refused to leave after it was dissolved during the 1917 revolution.

Question 3

Why was legitimacy a problem for the PG?

Answer 3

They had not been voted into power

Question 4

Which parties dominated the PG?

Answer 4

Octobrists and Kadets

Question 5

Who were the Soviet made up of?

Answer 5

Workers, soldiers and sailors

Question 6

Who was able to pass laws for Russia?

Answer 6

Both the PG and the Soviet, but only if both governing bodies were in agreement.

Question 7

What was ‘Order number 1’, who issued it, and what effect did this have?

Answer 7

Required all officers to be voted for by their troops
The Soviet
It undermined the authority of officers
It also stated that any military orders made by the PG had to be agreed with by the Soviet, reducing the PG’s power

Question 8

Which politician had the best links between the Soviet and the PG? What did he later become?

Answer 8

Kerensky.

Prime minister and head of PG (1917)

Question 9

Were the PG more conservative or radical?

Answer 9

Conservative

Question 10

Were the Soviet more conservative or radical?

Answer 10

Radical

Question 11

In October 1917, in the Soviet, which party had the greatest influence: the Bolsheviks or the Mensheviks?

Answer 11

Bolsheviks

Question 12

Where had Russia lost territory in WW1 1917?

Answer 12

Poland and western Russia

Question 13

How was morale within the Russian army? What did this lead to?

Answer 13

Low, leading to mutinies and desertions.

Question 14

How had WW1 affected the economy?

Answer 14

Drained it, Russia was essentially bankrupt

Question 15

What is paradoxical about the funding from Britain and France?

Answer 15

The war had drained the country economically, and Russia’s only way to replenish it was to persist in the war effort

Question 16

What effect did fighting for democracy instead of autocracy have in the army?
Why did it not last long?

Answer 16

Boosted morale

Supplies were still low

Question 17

How did WW1 cause disputes between the PG and the Soviet?

Answer 17

The PG wanted an imperialist war (to gain territory) whereas The Soviet wanted to defend, fighting for peace

Question 18

Who from the PG resigned after the demonstrations against the war occurred in Petrograd?

Answer 18

Milyukov (foreign minister)

Guchkov (war minister)

Question 19

What was the June Offensive?

Answer 19

An attack on Austro-Hungary, on the south-western front of Galacia.

Question 20

During the June Offensive, what followed the Austro-Hungarian counter attack?

Answer 20

Mass desertations

12,000 were caught, and reports were received of troops firing their own officers

Question 21

What were the July Days and how did they affect the PG

Answer 21

Riots in 1917 that were similar to the revoluition. The PG under Prince Lvov did not survive.

Question 22

How did the PG (after the July days) differ from its predecessor?

Answer 22

It was a more ‘radical’.

Question 23

How did the PG govern the countryside?

Answer 23

It was not able to effectively, as it was too centralised and lack experience

Question 24

What did the ungoverned countryside lead to?

Answer 24

Peasants redistributing their own land and being violent towards land owners.

Question 25

Why was the PG so inexperienced?

Answer 25

Although made up of politicians, the Fundamental Law (1906) meant that they had not real experience of power.