Chapter 9

Question 1

What are the three major parts of the ear?

Answer 1

external, middle, inner

Question 2

Function of the external ear?

Answer 2

collects sound waves

Question 3

Function of the middle ear?

Answer 3

concentrates sound energies

Question 4

Function of the inner ear?

Answer 4

structures convert sound into neural activity

Question 5

What are the three tiny bones in the middle ear?

Answer 5

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 6

What are the two muscles in the middle ear

Answer 6

Tensor tympani and stapedius

Question 7

Tensor tympani

Answer 7

attached to the malleus and tympanic membrane

Question 8

Stapedius

Answer 8

attached to the stapes

Question 9

The cochlea has three parallel canals:

Answer 9

scala vestibuli, scala media, scala tympani

Question 10

The main structures of the organ of Corti

Answer 10

sensory cells, framework of supporting cells, basilar membrane

Question 11

The organ of Corti

Answer 11

Inner hair cells, outer hair cells

Question 12

Afferent nerve fibers

Answer 12

carry messages from hair cells to the brain

Question 13

Efferent nerve fibers

Answer 13

send messages from the brain to the hair cells

Question 14

Place Coding Theory

Answer 14

pitch is encoded in reeptor location on the basilar membrane

Question 15

Temporal coding theory

Answer 15

firing rate of auditory neurons encodes the frequency of the auditory stimulus

Question 16

Two processes of sound location

Answer 16

Intensity differences, latency differences

Question 17

Dorsal Stream

Answer 17

in parietal lobe, involved in spatial location

Question 18

Ventral Stream

Answer 18

in temporal lobe, analyzes components of sound

Question 19

Three main causes of deafness

Answer 19

conduction deafness, sensorineural deafness, central deafness

Question 20

Conduction deafness

Answer 20

disorders of the outer or middle ear that prevent sounds from reaching the cochlea

Question 21

sensorineural deafness

Answer 21

originates from cochlear or auditory nerve locations

Question 22

Central Deafness

Answer 22

hearing loss caused by brain lesions

Question 23

What are the five basic tastes?

Answer 23

salty, sour, sweet, bitter, umami

Question 24

Salty

Answer 24

sodium

Question 25

sour

Answer 25

hydrogen

Question 26

Sweet

Answer 26

T1, T2, T3

Question 27

Bitter

Answer 27

T2

Question 28

Umami

Answer 28

T1, T3

Question 29

Where does smell begin

Answer 29

The sense of smell starts with receptor neurons in the nose-within the olfactory epithelium

Question 30

how is smell directed to the nose?

Answer 30

the receptor cells extends to the mucosal surface