Chapter 9 Flashcards
What are the three major parts of the ear?
external, middle, inner
Function of the external ear?
collects sound waves
Function of the middle ear?
concentrates sound energies
Function of the inner ear?
structures convert sound into neural activity
What are the three tiny bones in the middle ear?
malleus, incus, stapes
What are the two muscles in the middle ear
Tensor tympani and stapedius
Tensor tympani
attached to the malleus and tympanic membrane
Stapedius
attached to the stapes
The cochlea has three parallel canals:
scala vestibuli, scala media, scala tympani
The main structures of the organ of Corti
sensory cells, framework of supporting cells, basilar membrane
The organ of Corti
Inner hair cells, outer hair cells
Afferent nerve fibers
carry messages from hair cells to the brain
Efferent nerve fibers
send messages from the brain to the hair cells
Place Coding Theory
pitch is encoded in reeptor location on the basilar membrane
Temporal coding theory
firing rate of auditory neurons encodes the frequency of the auditory stimulus
Two processes of sound location
Intensity differences, latency differences
Dorsal Stream
in parietal lobe, involved in spatial location
Ventral Stream
in temporal lobe, analyzes components of sound
Three main causes of deafness
conduction deafness, sensorineural deafness, central deafness
Conduction deafness
disorders of the outer or middle ear that prevent sounds from reaching the cochlea
sensorineural deafness
originates from cochlear or auditory nerve locations
Central Deafness
hearing loss caused by brain lesions
What are the five basic tastes?
salty, sour, sweet, bitter, umami
Salty
sodium
