Chapter 9 Flashcards

Question

Baby Reflexes: Restricted breahting

Answer 1

A baby will turn his head from side to side if a cloth is placed over his face. He may also hit at the cloth to avoid having his breathing restricted

Answer 2

Head is the first one that they move very well.

Answer 3

Inside out, first they control core and trunk, then arms and legs, finally hands ans finger. the last thing they can do is pinch

Answer 4

Researcher psychologist. Tested intelligence in children noticed children answered wrong in similar, children go to predictable stage

Answer 5

Sensorimotor Stage. Schemas, Assimilation, Accommodation, Object Permanence. For children to learn, they need to experience things. Birth trhough infancy

Answer 6

Schemas are based on sensory experiences and actions. Babies learn about the world through movement, touch, and reflexes. A baby has a "sucking schema", so they try to suck on everything (bottle, pacifier, even a toy).

Answer 7

The process of taking in new information and fitting it into existing schemas (mental frameworks). ?? Example: A baby who has learned to suck a bottle might try to suck on a toy in the same way, assuming all objects can be sucked.

Answer 8

When new information does not fit an existing schema, the child modifies or creates a new schema. ?? Example: After trying to suck a toy and realizing it doesn�t work, the baby learns to grab and shake the toy instead. This modifies their original schema.

Answer 9

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible. ?? Example: Before developing object permanence, if you hide a toy under a blanket, the baby thinks it�s gone. After developing it (around 8 months), the baby will look for the hidden toy.

Answer 10

Preoperational Stage (2-6 years) Egocentrism. Imagination, creativity. They play and pretend to be someone else. Screens kill imagination. The only mind they understand is theirs, so for abuse at this stage, they think they deserved it or it was its fault.

Answer 11

All that matters is you, the world evolves around them. Usually they cover their eyes when they are being yielded, because "if they can't see you, you can't see them"

Answer 12

Concrete Operational Stage (6-11 years) Conservation

Answer 13

the understanding that quantity remains the same even if the shape or appearance changes. When children enter the Concrete Operational Stage, they begin to grasp this concept. Ex: Tall and skinny cup has more? Preoperational stage Equal betwwen bowls and cup? Concrete operational stage

Answer 14

Formal Operational Stage (11+ years). We deal with abstraction such as whats is love, what is fair, what is morality?. Moral reasoning, anticipate consequences. Theory of mind

Answer 15

The ability to understand that other people have different thoughts, beliefs, emotions, and perspectives from one's own. People with autism and deaf people because the best way to connect with other minds is language

Answer 16

1. Las edades en las que entran o salen de un stage a otro pueden variar. 2. No porque ya entraste a una estapa significa que ya saliste de la anterior, puedes estar en dos al mismo tiempo

Answer 17

Russian scientist. He valued elderly people because they are wise

Answer 18

Be guided, directed, know expectations.

Answer 19

Observar a otros y copiar a los demas, usarlos de referencia.

Answer 20

He studied Monkeys and attachment. Two artificial mothers, one made of metal but provided food. The other just provided confort. Comfort and emotional security are more important in attachment than just food. Human flesh is confortable and facilitates attachment.

Answer 21

He studied ducks. Imprinting is a form of rapid, early learning in which a young animal strongly attaches to the first moving object it sees after birth (usually its mother). Ducks followed him because he was the first person they saw. Humans don�t imprint like ducks, but early attachment (like a baby recognizing its caregiver) is crucial for emotional development.

Answer 22

We form attachments with physical proximity. Babies cry to keep their parents close. We have a predisposition to form attachments

Answer 23

The primary caregiver is the person who provides the most consistent care, love, and security to a child. Ex: Usually mom or other gardian

Answer 24

Secure Attachment: When mom leaves, th child gets upset but calms down. Mom returns and he gets excited. Home center homes. Childs needs are meet. Trust each other Avoidant attachment: Kid doesn�t care when mom leaves. Home neglect. Parent centered home. Children are closed emotionally. Ambivalent attachment: The child struggles to play at the beginning, then mom leaves and child cannot calm down. Mom comes bak and hugs her but then punishes her for leaving him. At home: There is inconsistency, sometime needs are met and sometimes don't Disorganized attachment: Very inconsistent. Mom comes back and kid act shy. Home: Abuse

Answer 25

Secure: Marriages that last. Build on trust. Give and take. Equilibrium Avoidant: Exceptional daters are charming, but just because they want something from you, they will say, "My mom didn't take care of me, why would I take care of other people's feelings?" Ambivalent: Yo jaja they ar every claimy, They don't want to lose the love that they receive. Are you gonna leave me? Disorganized: Tentd to be victim of abuse. Most of the abusers were abused but not all abused people become abusers.

Answer 26

Is an intuitive/emotional response. If something is pleasurable, it is good. If it causes pain, it is wrong

Answer 27

Realism: It is rigid. Black or white Things are correct or wrong Ex. Marrot's parents told him caffeine was wrong. Relativism: Instead of just black and white rules, there is relativism. Change, adopt, or abandon a rule we used to have Ex: Bro Marrot sees a bishop drinking coke, and that doesn't mean he's a bad person

Answer 28

Prescription: Son indicaciones Ex: "wait for your turn" "everyone gets a turn" Principles: Prescriptions that over time become rules like Fairnes, equity

Answer 29

Outcomes: Kids care about one thing, the outcome but as we grow older we notice the things behind it: the intentions. Ex: Dad you hurt me, I'm sorry it wasn't my intention

Answer 30

1. Preconventional Stage: Moral reasoning is based on consequences. ?? Children avoid punishment and seek rewards. 2. Conventional Stage (Adolescents & Most Adults) ?? Morality is based on social rules and expectations. ?? People seek approval and follow laws because society values order. Postconventional Stage (Some Adults - Not Everyone Reaches This) ?? Morality is based on personal values and ethical principles. ?? People follow deeper moral principles, even if they go against laws.

Answer 31

More self focused, self-centered and more likely to be depressed. My needs are most important. American culture

Answer 32

Focused on everybody's needs, especially family. If it harms your family or culture, then it's not acceptable. Asian cultures. Suceptible to dictators.