chapter 9

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

transfer of genetic information from the base sequence of DNA to the base sequence of RNA, mediated by RNA synthesis

Question 2

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 2

A single-stranded complementary copy of the nucleotide sequence in a gene

Question 3

Alternative splicing

Answer 3

exons from the same gene are joined in different combinations, leading to different, but related, mRNA transcripts

Question 4

What is the central dogma of molecular biology

Answer 4

A theory stating that genetic information flows only in one direction from DNA to RNA, to protein, or RNA directly to protein

Question 5

three stages of transcription and what happens in each stage

Answer 5

1.) Initiation: formed by the combination of mRNA, initiation tRNA, and the small ribosome subunit
2.) Elongation: the stage when the RNA strand gets longer, thanks to the addition of new nucleotides
3.) Termination: begins when a polyadenylation signal appears in the RNA transcript

Question 6

How alternative splicing affects the expression of genes

Answer 6

Causes several human genetic disorders