Chapter 9 Flashcards
False Memories:
- Memories that have been “implanted” (for events that did not occur)
- Important to identify the processes that can lead to a false memory…
What May Lead to False Memories?
- Popular press and media
- Behaviour of some therapists
- hypnosis
- imagination inflation effect
- confirmatory bias
Contemporary Views on the Unconscious:
- Motivated Unconscious (Freud’s view)
- Cognitive unconscious (unconscious operates like consciousness)
Ego Psychology:
- Comprises the view that the ego deserved more attention…
- Ego has hey role in - mastering environment, achieving goals, establishing identities
Erikson’s 8-stages of Psychosocial Development:
- Turst vs. Mistrust
- Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- Initiative vs. Guilt
- Industry vs. Inferiority
- Identity vs. Role Confusion
- Intimacy vs. Isolation
- Generativity vs. Stagnation
- Integrity vs. Despair
Erikson’s 8-stages of Psychosocial Development (Trust vs. Mistrust):
- Starts at infancy
- Does the child find caregivers to be reliable?
Erikson’s 8-stages of Psychosocial Development (Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt):
- Starts around 2 yrs
- How much of the world can a child control
Erikson’s 8-stages of Psychosocial Development (Initiative vs. Guilt):
- Starts around 3 yrs
- Does the child initiate tasks and goals?
Erikson’s 8-stages of Psychosocial Development (Industry vs. Inferiority):
- Elementary school
- Does the child feel good about what the child does?
Erikson’s 8-stages of Psychosocial Development (Identity vs. Role Confusion):
- Starts in adolescence
- Who am I, do others know me for me?
Key Issues: - Identity confucsion
Identity foreclosure - Negative identity
- Moratorium
Erikson’s 8-stages of Psychosocial Development (Intimacy vs. Isolation):
- Young adulthood
- Who will I lover? Will I settle down?
Erikson’s 8-stages of Psychosocial Development (Generativity vs. Stagnation):
- Adulthood
- Am I satisfied? have I succeeded?
Erikson’s 8-stages of Psychosocial Development (Integrity vs. Despair):
- Old age
- Was it all worth it>
Erikson’s (vs. Freud’s) view: Erikson saw personalities as developing over entire lifespan and underscored role of psychosocial factors vs. psychosexual
Feminist Views on Psychoanalysis:
(Revised the theory of penis envy)
- Penis = symbol of social power
- Girls wanted the social power of the culture of that time
- Culture: shared standards for many behaviours
the Self and Narcissism:
- Inflated self-admiration, desire to bring attention to onesef, and keep others focused on oneself
- Negative impact on quality/length of relationships
High Levels of Narcissism:
- Extreme self-focus
- Grandiosity: view of self as special/important
- Entitlement: Deserving of admiration without earning it
- Striving for Superiority: put others down to elevate self and compensate for inferiority
Narcissistic Paradox:
Seems to have high esteem but doubt worth as a person
Narcissism (Grandiose Narcissism):
- Dominanace and grandiosity
- Over-estimates capabilities
- Fantasies of superiority
- Aggressiveness
- Related to narcissistic personality disorder
- Linked with high extraversion + low neuroticism + low agreeableness
Narcissism (Vulnerable Narcissism):
- Defensive and insecure sense of grandiosity
- Hypersensitivity to criticism
- Negative emotions
- Linked with high neuroticism + low aggreeableness
Narcissism & Social Media Use (Grandiose Narcissism):
- more time on social media
- more status updates/tweets
- more friends/followers
- more posting images of self/selfies
Narcissism & Social Media Use (Vulnerable Narcissism):
Evidence is less clear due to smaller sample sizes in studies
Object Relations Theory (ORT):
- Relationships with others is highly important - especially parents
- Others (esp. mother), become internalized as mental objects
- First social attachments form prototypes for future relationships
Childhood Attachment (Secure Childhood Attachment):
Enduring the separation; approached stranger; happy when mother returned
Childhood Attachment (Avoidant Childhood Attachment):
Avoid mother upon return; unfazed when she left; give little attention upon mother’s return
Childhood Attachment (Anxious-Ambivalent Childhood Attachment):
Very anxious when separated; very difficult to soothe; ambivalent when mother returned
Childhood Attachment (Disorganized Childhood Attachment):
A combination of avoidance, anxiety, and anger - most extreme insecure attachment style
Adult Attachment (Secure Adult Attachment):
Little difficulty with satisfying friendships and relationshipd; no difficulty with trust
Adult Attachment (Avoidant Adult Attachment)
Difficulty with trust; suspicious of other’s motives; afraid of committing
Adult Attachment (Ambivalent Adult Attachment)
Uncertainty in relationships; dependent and demanding; needy; high maintenance; need for reassurance/attention
Adult Attachment (Fearful-Avoidant Adult Attachment)
Desire for, but discomfortable with, closeness; difficulty trusting others and significant fear/distress in relationships
