Chapter 9 Flashcards
Kidneys
Filters wastes from blood and adjusts salt concentrations
Excretion
Separating wastes from body fluids and eliminating them
Ureters
Receives urine from kidneys and moves it by peristaltic action to the urinary bladder
Urinary bladder
Where urine is stored
Urethra
Where urine exists body
The parts of kidney
Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis
Parts of the nephron
Afferent/efferent arteries, glomerulus, bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, descending loop of henle, ascending loop of henle, distal tubule, collecting duct
Which solutes cannot pass the bowman’s capsule?
proteins, red blood cells, platelets
Which solutes can fit through bowman’s capsule?
Water, sodium chloride, glucose, amino acids, hydrogen ions, urea,
What percentage of filtrate that passes though the proximal tubule is re absorbed and returned to body?
65%
Mitochondria and the proximal tubule
The proximal tubule have many mitochondria which provides the energy for active transport of sodium and glucose back into blood
Collecting duct
Filtrate entering collecting duct still contains a lot of water
Collecting duct passes through salty medulla, causing passive reabsorption of water back to body
When person is dehydrate, permeability of water from distal tubule and collecting duct is increase
Glomerulus
Force filtration occurs of filtrate
Bowman’s capsule
Receives filtrate from glomerulus
Only small solutes will for through
Proximal tubule
Active reabsorption of all nutrients (glucose, amino acids)
Active reabsorption of positively charged ions (sodium, potassium, calcium)
Passive reabsorption of water by osmosis
Passive reabsorption of negatively charged ions (chloride, bicarbonate,)
Active secretion of hydrogen ions
Descending loop of henle
Passive reabsorption of water by osmosis
Ascending loop of henle
Active reabsorption of sodium ions
Passive reabsorption of chloride and potassium
Distal tubule
Active reabsorption of sodium ions Passive reabsorption of water by osmosis Passive reabsorption of negatively charged ions (chloride, bicarbonate) Active secretion of hydrogen ions Passive secretion of potassium
Where is the osmoreceptor cells found?
Hypothalamus
Osmoreceptors
Cells that are sensitive to osmotic pressure
When blood plasma becomes too concentrated osmotic pressure increases, causing Osmoreceptors to send signal to pituitary glad to release ADH, which causes distal tubule and collecting duct to become more permeable allowing more water to be reabsorbed
This diluted blood and lowers osmotic pressure
Blood plasma becomes too dilute Osmoreceptors will prevent release of ADH causing less reabsorption and more water in urine
Aldosterone
Hormone that when released stimulated the distal and collecting duct to reabsorb more sodium, also causing more chloride and water to be re absorbed
-also stimulates secretion of potassium
Kidney stones
Caused by calcification within ducts of kidneys
Excess calcium in urine begin to build up and form large crystals
Can be caused by recurrent urinary tract infections, insufficient water consumption and low activity
Renal insufficiency
When kidneys cannot maintain homeostasis
Usually cause by damage to nephrons
Dialysis
2 types:
Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis
Hemodialysis
Blood is pumped from an artery to a dialysis machine and returned to the body by a vein.
In the dialyzer waste products filter blood through artificial membrane in to dialysate
