Chapter 9

Question 0

Kidneys

Answer 0

Filters wastes from blood and adjusts salt concentrations

Question 1

Excretion

Answer 1

Separating wastes from body fluids and eliminating them

Question 2

Ureters

Answer 2

Receives urine from kidneys and moves it by peristaltic action to the urinary bladder

Question 3

Urinary bladder

Answer 3

Where urine is stored

Question 4

Urethra

Answer 4

Where urine exists body

Question 5

The parts of kidney

Answer 5

Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis

Question 6

Parts of the nephron

Answer 6

Afferent/efferent arteries, glomerulus, bowman’s capsule, proximal tubule, descending loop of henle, ascending loop of henle, distal tubule, collecting duct

Question 7

Which solutes cannot pass the bowman’s capsule?

Answer 7

proteins, red blood cells, platelets

Question 8

Which solutes can fit through bowman’s capsule?

Answer 8

Water, sodium chloride, glucose, amino acids, hydrogen ions, urea,

Question 9

What percentage of filtrate that passes though the proximal tubule is re absorbed and returned to body?

Answer 9

65%

Question 10

Mitochondria and the proximal tubule

Answer 10

The proximal tubule have many mitochondria which provides the energy for active transport of sodium and glucose back into blood

Question 11

Collecting duct

Answer 11

Filtrate entering collecting duct still contains a lot of water
Collecting duct passes through salty medulla, causing passive reabsorption of water back to body
When person is dehydrate, permeability of water from distal tubule and collecting duct is increase

Question 12

Glomerulus

Answer 12

Force filtration occurs of filtrate

Question 13

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 13

Receives filtrate from glomerulus

Only small solutes will for through

Question 14

Proximal tubule

Answer 14

Active reabsorption of all nutrients (glucose, amino acids)
Active reabsorption of positively charged ions (sodium, potassium, calcium)
Passive reabsorption of water by osmosis
Passive reabsorption of negatively charged ions (chloride, bicarbonate,)
Active secretion of hydrogen ions

Question 15

Descending loop of henle

Answer 15

Passive reabsorption of water by osmosis

Question 16

Ascending loop of henle

Answer 16

Active reabsorption of sodium ions

Passive reabsorption of chloride and potassium

Question 17

Distal tubule

Answer 17

Active reabsorption of sodium ions 
Passive reabsorption of water by osmosis
Passive reabsorption of negatively charged ions (chloride, bicarbonate) 
Active secretion of hydrogen ions 
Passive secretion of potassium

Question 18

Where is the osmoreceptor cells found?

Answer 18

Hypothalamus

Question 19

Osmoreceptors

Answer 19

Cells that are sensitive to osmotic pressure
When blood plasma becomes too concentrated osmotic pressure increases, causing Osmoreceptors to send signal to pituitary glad to release ADH, which causes distal tubule and collecting duct to become more permeable allowing more water to be reabsorbed
This diluted blood and lowers osmotic pressure
Blood plasma becomes too dilute Osmoreceptors will prevent release of ADH causing less reabsorption and more water in urine

Question 20

Aldosterone

Answer 20

Hormone that when released stimulated the distal and collecting duct to reabsorb more sodium, also causing more chloride and water to be re absorbed
-also stimulates secretion of potassium

Question 21

Kidney stones

Answer 21

Caused by calcification within ducts of kidneys
Excess calcium in urine begin to build up and form large crystals
Can be caused by recurrent urinary tract infections, insufficient water consumption and low activity

Question 22

Renal insufficiency

Answer 22

When kidneys cannot maintain homeostasis

Usually cause by damage to nephrons

Question 23

Dialysis

Answer 23

2 types:

Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis

Question 24

Hemodialysis

Answer 24

Blood is pumped from an artery to a dialysis machine and returned to the body by a vein.
In the dialyzer waste products filter blood through artificial membrane in to dialysate