chapter 9

Question 1

_____ is/are a system that relates sounds (or gestures) to meaning.

Answer 1

language

Question 2

which of the following is one of the ways in which language differs from simple communication?

Answer 2

language has arbitrary units

Question 3

the sounds of a language are referred to as…

Answer 3

phonology

Question 4

the term semantics refers to…

Answer 4

the study of words and their meanings

Question 5

syntax refers to…

Answer 5

rules that specify how words are combined to form sentences

Question 6

______ is the study of how people use language to communicate effectively.

Answer 6

pragmatics

Question 7

when using ______, adults speak slowly and with exaggerated changed in pitch and loudness.

Answer 7

semantics

Question 8

the production of syllables that contain vowels and consonants is called….

Answer 8

babbling

Question 9

as children develop that ability to use symbols, they begin to talk and…

Answer 9

begin to use gestures

Question 10

many children experience a naming explosion at…

Answer 10

18 months

Question 11

a childs ability to make connections between new words and referents so rapidly that he or she cannot be considering all possible meanings for the new word referred to as…

Answer 11

fast mapping

Question 12

when young children are learning new words, they…

Answer 12

are more likely to learn an objects name when adults look at the object while saying its name

Question 13

defining a word too narrowly is known as…

Answer 13

an underextension

Question 14

when children make the mistake of defining a word too broadly, it is referred to as…

Answer 14

overextenstion

Question 15

overextenstions…

Answer 15

occur more often when children are producing words than when they are comprehending words

Question 16

which of the following statements is true regarding the influence of the environment on language development?

Answer 16

questioning children while reading to force them to identify the meanings of new words.

Question 17

which of the following is positively related to the size of a child’s vocabulary?

Answer 17

having parents who speak to the child infrequently

Question 18

______ refers to using only words directly relevant to meaning

Answer 18

telegraphic speech

Question 19

_______ occurs when children apply rules to words that are exceptions to the rule

Answer 19

overregularization

Question 20

children’s first questions….

Answer 20

are formed by attaching a wh - word to the beginning of the sentence without the required auxiliary verb

Question 21

which would occur first in language development?

Answer 21

use of intonation to indicate a question

Question 22

behaviorist learning theorists propose that…

Answer 22

language is learned through imitation and reinforcement

Question 23

which of the following statements reflects how children acquire grammar (according to the linguistic view)?

Answer 23

humans seem to be innately prepared to process language and learn grammar

Question 24

which of the following statements about language development is true?

Answer 24

the period from birth to about age 12 is critical for learning language

Question 25

noel believes that children master grammar in the context of interactions with adults in which both parties want improved communication. noels beliefs fit best with the…

Answer 25

social interaction approach