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BIO PSYCHOLOGY > chapter 9 > Flashcards

chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

a single cell formed by an egg and sperm.

A

zygote

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2
Q

what are the five phases of early neurodevelopment?

A
  1. neural plate induction
  2. neural proliferation
  3. migration and aggregation
  4. axon growth and synapse formation
  5. neuron death and synapse rearrangement
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3
Q

what are the five stem cells?

A
  1. totipotent
  2. pluripotent
  3. multipotent
  4. unipotent
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4
Q

these are the most versatile cells

A

totipotent

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5
Q

they are highly versatile and can become almost any cell type, but they can not form an organism.

A

pluripotent

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6
Q

as development progresses further _____ differentiate into more specialized multipotent cells

A

multipotent

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7
Q

the most specialized stem cells. ______ can produce only one type of cell.

A

unipotent

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8
Q

what are the two key properties of stem cells that make them important for development

A
  1. self-renewal
  2. versatility
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9
Q

stem cells can renew themselves almost indefinitely if maintained in the right conditions.

A

self-renewal

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10
Q

stem cells can develop into many kinds of cells, which is crucial for nervous system development.

A

versatility

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11
Q

at three weeks post conception, the neural platr, a patch of ectodermal tissue, forms. - the first step toward nervous system development.

A

neural plate induction

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12
Q

the development of the ______ is triggered by chemical signal from the mesoderm beneath it.

A

neural plate

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13
Q

is sometimes called an organizer

A

mesoderm

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14
Q

the neural plate folds to create the _______ as the lips of the groove come together, they form neural tube.

A

neural groove

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15
Q

the inside of the neural tube, eventually becomes the? ______ and ______

A

cerebral ventricles and spinal canal

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16
Q

the inside of the neural tube, eventually becomes the? ______ and ______

A

cerebral ventricles and spinal canal

17
Q

by around ___ days after conception, three swellings appear at the front of the neural tube, which will later on form the brain

A

40 days

18
Q

induction of the neural plate consists of?

A
  1. ectoderm
  2. mesoderm
  3. endoderm
19
Q

the outermost layer of embryonic cells from which skin, nerves, and certain other structures develop.

A

ectoderm

20
Q

a type of germ layer that can be found between the endoderm and ectoderm that is responsible for forming bones and cartilages.

A

mesoderm

21
Q

the innermost layer that is the source of the epithelium of the digestive tract and its derivatives and of the lower respiratory tract.

A

endoderm

22
Q

after the neural tube forms from the fusion of the neural groove, the cells inside the tube begin to proliferate, increasing rapidly in number— up to 4 million cells per hour.

A

neural proliferation

23
Q

the pattern of cell proliferation is specific to different parts of the neural tube, leading to the formation of distinct brain regions like the _______,_______, and ________

A

foreboding
midbrain
hindbrain

24
Q

is responsible for voluntary actions, thinking and processing information. The forebrain also interprets sensory input and makes decisions.

A

forebrain

25
Q

processing visual and auditory signals.

A

midbrain

26
Q

the main purpose of the ______ is to regulate vital functions, such as breathing, heart rate, sleep and wakefulness. (ans taste)

A

hindbrain

27
Q

after neurons migrate to their designated areas, they must align with other neurons to form proper structures.

A

migration and aggregation

28
Q

established the structural layers or the brain, particularly the cerebral cortex, by positioning excitatory neurons in the correct layers. (straightline)

A

radial migration

29
Q

distributes inhibitory inter neurons across different brain regions ensuring proper balance between excitatory and inhibitory signals… (parallel)

A

tangential migration

30
Q

is though to occur through three main mechanisms

A

aggregation

BIO PSYCHOLOGY (1 decks)

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