Chapter 9 Flashcards
1
Q
Electronic Mail (SMTP, MIME, IMAP)
A
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Message Format:
- Components: Consists of headers and body.
- Headers: Include fields such as From, To, Subject, Date.
- Body: Contains the actual content of the email, may include plain text or HTML.
- MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions standard allows non-text attachments (audio, video, images).
2
Q
Message Transfer:
A
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SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol used for sending emails.
- Process: Email client connects to an SMTP server to send a message.
- Reliability: Uses a store-and-forward mechanism to ensure delivery.
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IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol used for retrieving messages.
- Functionality: Allows users to view and manage emails directly on the server.
- Synchronization: Keeps emails consistent across multiple devices.
3
Q
Mail Reader:
A
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Client Software: Examples include Outlook, Thunderbird, web-based interfaces.
- Capabilities: Supports reading, composing, and managing emails.
- IMAP vs. POP3: IMAP allows accessing emails from multiple devices, while POP3 downloads and removes them from the server.
4
Q
World Wide Web (HTTP)
A
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Request Messages:
- Format: Includes request line (method, URL, HTTP version), headers, and an optional body.
- Methods: Common methods include GET, POST, PUT, DELETE.
- Usage: Methods define the action to be performed on the specified resource.
5
Q
Response Messages:
A
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Structure: Contains a status line (HTTP version, status code, reason phrase), headers, and an optional body.
- Status Codes: Indicate the result of the request, such as 200 (OK), 404 (Not Found), 500 (Server Error).
- Headers: Provide metadata about the response, such as content type and length.
6
Q
Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs):
A
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Purpose: Identifies resources on the web.
- Types: Includes URLs (locator) and URNs (name).
- Syntax: Typically consists of a scheme, authority, path, query, and fragment.
6
Q
TCP Connections:
A
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Connection Management: HTTP relies on TCP for reliable communication.
- Lifecycle: Involves connection establishment, data transfer, and connection termination.
- Performance: Persistent connections reduce overhead by reusing TCP connections for multiple requests.
7
Q
Caching:
A
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Mechanism: Stores copies of responses to reduce latency and load.
- Control: HTTP headers like Cache-Control and ETag manage caching behavior.
- Benefits: Improves performance and reduces bandwidth usage.
8
Q
Web Services
A
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Custom Application Protocols (WSDL, SOAP):
- WSDL: Web Services Description Language defines service endpoints and operations.
- SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol facilitates structured message exchange.
- Usage: Common in enterprise environments for integrating disparate systems.
9
Q
Defining Application Protocols:
A
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Specification: Detailed description of how applications interact over the network.
- Components: Includes message formats, communication sequences, and error handling.
- Example: REST (Representational State Transfer) uses standard HTTP methods for CRUD operations.
10
Q
Defining Transport Protocols:
A
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Role: Ensures reliable and efficient data transfer.
- Examples: TCP for reliability, UDP for low-latency applications.
- Adaptation: Protocols may be customized to meet specific application requirements.
11
Q
Standardizing Web Service Protocols:
A
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Purpose: Facilitates interoperability between different systems and platforms.
- Organizations: Bodies like W3C and OASIS define and promote standards.
- Impact: Standardization ensures compatibility and broad adoption.
12
Q
A Generic Application Protocol (REST):
A
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Principles: Uses standard HTTP methods and status codes.
- Architectural Style: Emphasizes stateless communication and resource-based interactions.
- Benefits: Simplifies development and integration of web services.
13
Q
From Web Services to Cloud Services:
A
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Evolution: Shift from traditional web services to cloud-based services.
- Characteristics: Cloud services offer scalability, flexibility, and managed infrastructure.
- Examples: Platforms like AWS, Google Cloud, and Azure provide a range of services from computing to storage .
14
Q
Session Description Protocol (SDP)
A
- Purpose: Defines the format for describing multimedia communication sessions for announcements and invitations.
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Components:
- Session name
- Purpose
- Media types
- Transport protocols
- Format information
- Network information
- Timing details
- Usage: Commonly used with protocols like SIP and RTSP for multimedia sessions.
