Chapter 9

Question 1

Average person takes ____ breaths per day

Answer 1

20,000

Question 2

Warms and humidifies air

Answer 2

Upper airway

Question 3

Structures surrounding entrance to trachea

Answer 3

Laryngopharynx

Question 4

Bronchoconstriction or bronchospasm

Answer 4

Changes in the internal diameter of the airway, like in asthma

Question 5

Stridor

Answer 5

Caused by severely restricted upper airway
High pitched sometimes whistling

Question 6

Hoarseness

Answer 6

Often from swelling around vocal cords
Dangerous sign

Question 7

Snoring

Answer 7

Partial obstruction of upper airway
Airway muscle tone diminished
Airway may need assistance to stay open

Question 8

Sniffing position

Answer 8

Head pitched forward
May signal partially obstructed airway

Question 9

Best position for airway evaluation, opening, and artificial ventilation

Answer 9

Supine on floor or stretcher

Question 10

Any movement before spinal immobilization can

Answer 10

Seriously injure spinal cord
But airway takes priority

Question 11

Head elevated sniffing position

Answer 11

For unconscious or semiconscious with intact airway
Patient’s ear is at same level as suprasternal notch (very top of sternum)
May be contraindicated with spinal injuries

Question 12

Optimal airway position for infants and children

Answer 12

Head elevated sniffing position but padding may be put elsewhere

Question 13

Unconscious and many conscious trauma patients

Answer 13

Are suspected of having head, neck, or spine injuries

Question 14

Head tilt chin lift

Answer 14

Do not use with spinal injury
One hand on forehead, fingertips under jaw and lift until bottom teeth almost touch upper
Do not allow mouth to close, pull back lower lip

Question 15

Jaw thrust maneuver

Answer 15

Only recommended airway procedure for spine injuries
Place one hand on each side of jaw, at angles of jaw below ears
Use index fingers to push angles of jaw forward
May peel lower lip

Question 16

In addition to opening airway

Answer 16

Have suction device ready when opening and maintaining airway

Question 17

If attempts to ventilate and reposition/reopen airway fail

Answer 17

Move to foreign body airway procedures
Call for ALS
Never delay foreign body airway procedures in favor of transport

Question 18

Choking

Answer 18

Nonsevere: encourage to cough
Severe: intervene, call for ALS

Question 19

Conscious, severely choking adult

Answer 19

Abdominal thrusts
If you cannot wrap arms around belly, perform on sternum

Question 20

Conscious choking infant

Answer 20

Back slaps and chest thrusts (alternate after 5)

Question 21

Unconscious choking

Answer 21

CPR

Question 22

Airway adjuncts

Answer 22

Maintain open airway, stop tongue from blocking airway
Have suction ready before inserting any airway
When adjunct in place must still maintain maneuvers

Question 23

Oropharyngeal airway

Answer 23

Only on those with no gag reflex
Measure from mouth to tip of ear or center of mouth to jawbone angle
Insert straight in without rotation for infant or child

Question 24

Nasopharyngeal airway

Answer 24

Basilar skull fracture: low likelihood of injury, signs are severe facial trauma and/or CSF leaking from ears or nose
Other contraindications: nosebleed or nasal trauma

Measure from nostril to tip of earlobe or to angle of jaw
Lubricate with water-based lube

May gently twist in insertion
Same in infants

Question 25

Supraglottic airway

Answer 25

Use when basic airway measures fail
Supraglottic devices can help in prolonged transport or bridging simple maneuvers and endotracheal intubation
Will not help glottic swelling
Dont use with gag reflex

Question 26

Before suctioning try

Answer 26

Recovery position, also during suctioning if high volume obstruction

Question 27

Open end of suction tube

Answer 27

30 liters per min

Question 28

Rigid pharyngeal tip

Answer 28

Aka yankauer or tonsil tip
Mostly used with unresponsive patients
Dont suction more than a few seconds at a time
With thick secretions consider removing tip or catheter

Question 29

Flexible catheter

Answer 29

Can be passed through tubes like nasopharyngeal or endotracheal tube
Use when rigid tip cannot be used

Question 30

Bulb syringe

Answer 30

Use for infants and children

Question 31

Preoxygenation

Answer 31

Don’t pre oxygenate with vomit or other materials in airway