Chapter 9 Flashcards
This used to determine the similarities and dissimilarities of evidence and test evidence.
Bullet Comparison Microscope
1st to own Bullet Comparison Microscope in 1925. He is also the Father of Modern Ballistics.
Col. Calvin H. Goddard, MD
half of evidence & test bullet is projected:
Intermarriage
Clock positions
At the same time
– Left or right
At the same direction
– the same size when viewed (small vs small; bigger vs bigger)
At the same magnification
landmarks vs. landmarks
At the same image
refers to height or elevation of stage plate.
At the same level or plane
the critical side by side examination of evidence and test bullet/shell.
Juxtaposition –
means putting two things together to emphasize their contrast between them.
Juxtapose
Used in preliminary examinations of fired bullets, shells.
Stereoscopic Microscope
Used also in close-up examination of tampered serial nos. of FAs.
Stereoscopic Microscope
Here the location of extractor marks and ejector marks.
Stereoscopic Microscope
– invented the first Stereoscopic-Style Microscope with two eyepieces in 1671.
Cherubin d’Oreans (1671)
introduced a “novel” design that led him to become the Forefather of of Modern Stereoscope.
b. Honorato S. Greenough (1890) –
– designed the first successful stereomicroscope. This was introduced in US and was named Cycloptic in 1957.
c. Francis Herbert Wenham (19th) of London
Similar with the Comparison Microscope. BUT this equipment is capable of comparing two fired bullets and shells with a large screen.
Comparison Projector 6 (CP-6)
Inventor of CP-6
William Howard Livens
Used in test firing to acquire test shells and bullets for comparison. The same caliber or brand of ammunition should be used and manufactured in the same year.
Bullet Recovery Box
Used in determining the width of lands, width of grooves, diameter and twist of fired bullet.
Measuring Projector 6 (MP-6)
Generally, used to know the caliber of FA, bullet and shell.
Caliper
– similar in use with Caliper.
Micrometer (C-clamp like)
was derived from Greek words Micros (small) and Metron (to measure)
Micrometer
This instrument then is used to measure small things and small distances.
Micrometer (C-clamp like)
This is an enhancement of the Vernier Caliper.
Micrometer (C-clamp like)
– first ever inventor of Micrometer
William Gascoine (17th)
inventor of Palmer, which is used in measuring handheld objects. It was introduced in Spain and was called Tornillo de Palmer.
Jean Laurent Palmer (1848-France) –
Determines the weight of fired bullet, shots/pellets to know its caliber, type and make of FA used.
Analytical or Torsion Balance
Measurements are expressed in ___ or ___.
Grains or grams
used to determine the bore diameter of FA or Caliber.
Taper Gauge
This is a small instrument used in the examination of the interior surface of barrel.
Onoscope
It has tiny lamp at its end and is being inserted in the barrel to detect irregularities and imperfections, roughness and scratches.
Onoscope
This measures Pitch of Rifling, which refers to a complete turn (360°) of a bullet inside the barrel.
Helixometer
It also measures the angle of twist of rifling, either pistol or revolver barrel.
Helixometer
Procedure: This instrument is used by inserting the telescope and aligning it with the axis of the bore.
Helixometer
This measures the speed the bullet or muzzle velocity of the bullet.
Chronograph
Inventor of Chronograph
Alfred Lee Loomis (1918) –
Was sctually invented prior chronograph but was not much reliable/accurate.
Boulenge Chronograph
used in marking fired bullets, shells and FAs submitted for examination.
This is being plug to a female outlet.
Used only when there is power supply.
Electric Gun Marker –
used in orientation/preliminary examination of fired bullets and shells with the use of series of microscopic lenses of different magnifications.
Shadowgraph –
This instrument contains a large circular ground glass that is about 14 in where the observation and comparison of the characteristics is done.
Shadowgraph
This can also take photomicrographs.
Shadowgraph
a pointed instrument used to mark:
1. fired bullets
2. fired shells
3. Firearms
4. Metallic fragments
Stylus –
This must be solid and harder metal than the evidence to be marked.
Stylus
This is used in manually engraving the initials and date.
Stylus
Lmao idk nothing written here
Integrated Ballistics Identification System
– a mechanical trigger pull trigger tester
Trigger pull gauge
used to handle bullets
- Tweezers –
an optical device consisting of a rigid flexible tube with an eyepiece on one end, an objective lens on the other linked together by a relay optical system in between.
Borescope –
– used to calculate the drag coefficient of the bullet. This is capable of determining the supersonic speed of bullet.
- Wind funnel
used to photograph projectile in flight. This enables to determine the speed, position of bullet and shock waves the projectile produces. Invented by an American Engineer Horod Eugene Edgerton
- Stroboscope
used primarily in the laboratory in marking metal evidence.
- Electric Gun Marker –
used to drill deep accurate holes.
- Gun drills/ Deep hole drills –
