Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Introduction to Sociology > Chapter 9-12 > Flashcards

Chapter 9-12 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is sex?

A

an individual’s membership in one of two categories - male or female - based on biological factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is primary sex characteristics?

A

biological factors such as chromosomes, hormones, reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is secondary sex characteristics?

A

physical differences between males and females such as body and facial hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is gender?

A

physical, behavioral, and personality traits that a group considers normal for its male and female members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is gender identity?

A

sense of gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is gender expression?

A

individuals behavioral manifestation of gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is sexuality?

A

character or quality of being sexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is sexual orientation or identity?

A

sexual desire toward people of a particular gender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is queer theory?

A

social theory about gender and sexual identity; emphasizes the importance of difference and rejects ideas of innate identities or restrictive categories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

inequalities in our society

A

sex, gender, and sexuality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is gender role socialization?

A

lifelong process of learning to be masculine or feminine, primarily through agents of socialization: families, schools, peers, media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is social learning theory?

A

the process of learning behaviors and meanings through social interaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is misogyny?

A

prejudice against women; sexism, gender inequality, and homophobia can be found in past and present societies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is homophobia?

A

fear of discrimination toward homosexuals or toward individuals who display purportedly gender-inappropriate behavior (US. 3,000-5,000 per year)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is families?

A

usually primary source of socialization; greatly impact gender role

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is Talcott Parson?

A

instrumental (family material support) and expressive role (emotional support)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is feminism?

A

equality of the sexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is social institutions?

A

systems and structures that shape the activities of groups and individuals in society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

minor and major social institutions

A

minor: health care, sport industry
major: politics, economics

20
Q

what is politics?

A

methods and tactics of managing a nation, or state, as well administering and controlling its internal and external affairs

21
Q

what is government?

A

formal organized agency that exercises power and control in modern society, especially through the creation and enforcement of laws

22
Q

what is authoritarianism?

A

form of government by and for a small number of elites that does not include representation of ordinary citizens

23
Q

what is dictatorship?

A

type of authoritarianism in which the leader seizes power than being selected or elected

24
Q

what is totalitarianism?

A

extreme and modern form of authoritarianism, government controls every aspect of citizens life; ex: religion

25
Q

what is monarchy?

A

rule by king or queen, succession of rules kept within family

26
Q

what is absolute monarchy?

A

complete authority over subjects

27
Q

what is constitutional monarchy?

A

royal figures whose powers are defined by a political charter and limited by a parliament or other governing body

28
Q

what is democracy?

A

which all citizens have the rights to participate

29
Q

what is pluralism?

A

wide variety of group have equal access to resources and power

30
Q

what is special interest groups?

A

organization that raise and spend money to influence elected officials or public opinion VERY POWERFUL

31
Q

what is education?

A

society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to its members so they can function in society

32
Q

what is hidden curriculum?

A

values and behaviors students indirectly learn. ex: obedience

33
Q

what is pygmalion effect?

A

idea that teachers attitude about their students unintentionally influence their academic performance (labeling theory)

34
Q

what is early college high schools?

A

blends high school and college into coherent educational program in which students earn a degree in high school and 2 year college degree

35
Q

what is distance learning?

A

educational course or program in which teachers and students don’t meet together in the classroom situation increasingly available over the internet

36
Q

what is religion?

A

any institutional system of shared beliefs and rituals that acknowledges a relationship between sacred and the profane

37
Q

what is capitalism?

A

economic system based on the laws of free market competition, privatization of the means of production, and production for profit

38
Q

what is socialism?

A

economic system based on the collective ownership of the means of production, collective distribution of goods and services, and government regulations

39
Q

what is communism?

A

system of government that eliminates private property; it is the most extreme form of socialism, because all citizens work for the government and there are no class distinctions

40
Q

what is agricultural revolution?

A

social and economic changes, including population increases, that followed from the domestication of plants and animals and the gradually increasing efficiency of food production

41
Q

what is industrial revolution? an example?

A

rapid transformation of social life resulting from the technological and economic developments that began with the assembly line, steam power, and urbanization. ex: assembly line, urbanization, steam power

42
Q

what is alienation?

A

sense of dissatisfaction the modern workers feels as a result of producing goods that are owned and controlled by someone else

43
Q

what is recession?

A

significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy

44
Q

Richmod Fed

A

“if country countinues to produce emission at high rate, climate change could reduce the annual GDP growth rate by up to third”

45
Q

what is federal reserve?

A

concerned about how climate change will affect the economy

Introduction to Sociology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions