Chapter 9 Flashcards
Abdominal Thrusts
Manual thrusts delivered to create pressure that can help expel an airway obstruction in an adult or child. Also known as the Heimlich maneuver.
Accessory Muscles
Muscles of the neck, chest, and abdomen that can assist during respiratory difficulty.
Agonal Respirations
An abnormal breathing pattern characterized by slow, shallow, gasping breaths that typically occur following cardiac arrest.
Apnea
The absence of breaths (respiratory arrest).
Bag-mask Device
A device made up of a face mask, self-refilling bag, and one-way valve that is used to provide manual ventilations. Also referred to as a bag-valve mask or BVM.
Biological Death
Occurs approximately four to six minutes after onset of clinical death and results when there is an excessive amount of brain cell death.
Cardiac Arrest
The absence of a heartbeat.
Chest Thrust
Manual thrusts delivered to create pressure that can help expel an airway obstruction in an infant or in pregnant or obese patients.
Clinical Death
The moment when breathing and heart actions stop.
Cyanosis
Bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes; a sign that body tissues are not receiving enough oxygen.
Diaphragm
The dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest and abdominal cavities. It is the primary muscle used in breathing.
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.
Epiglottis
A flap of cartilage and other tissues located above the larynx. It helps close off the airway when a person swallows.
Exhalation
The process of breathing out.
Gag Reflex
A reflex spasm at the back of the throat caused by stimulation of the back of the tongue or the soft tissue near or around the oropharynx.
Gastric Distention
Inflation of the stomach.
Head-tilt/chin-lift Maneuver
A technique used to open the airway of a patient with no suspected neck or spine injury.
Hypoxia
A condition in which there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the blood and tissues.
Inhalation
The process of breathing in.
Inspiration
Refers to the process of breathing in, or inhaling. Opposite: expiration.
Jaw-thrust Maneuver
A technique used to open the airway of a trauma patient with possible neck or spine injury.
Laryngectomy
The total or partial removal of the larynx.
Larynx
The section of the airway between the throat and the trachea that contains the vocal cords. Also called voice box.
Nasopharyngeal Airway (NPA)
A flexible tube that is inserted into a patient’s nose to provide an open airway. Also called nasal airway or NPA.
Oropharyngeal Airway (OPA)
A curved plastic device inserted into the patient’s mouth to minimize obstruction of the airway caused by the tongue. Also called an oral airway or OPA.
Patent Airway
An airway that is open and clear.
Pharynx
The throat.
Pocket Face Mask
A device used to help provide ventilations. Most have a one-way valve and HEPA filter. Some have an inlet for supplemental oxygen.
Positive Pressure Ventilation
The process of using external pressure to force air into a patient’s lungs, such as with mouth-to-mask or bag-mask ventilations.
Pulmonary Resuscitation
The act of breathing for a patient who is unable to breathe for himself. Also called rescue breathing or artificial ventilation.
Rescue Breathing
The act of providing manual ventilations for a patient who is not breathing or is unable to breathe adequately on his own.
Respiration
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the tissues and cells. Sometimes used to describe the act of breathing.
Respiratory Arrest
The absence of breathing (apnea).
Respiratory Compromise
A general term used to describe when a patient is not breathing adequately.
Respiratory Distress
Refers to breathing that becomes difficult or labored.
Stoma
A surgical opening in the skin. A stoma is created on the anterior neck when a patient has a tracheostomy.
Tidal Volume
The amount of air being moved in to and out of the lungs with each breath.
Trachea
The tubelike structure that carries air into and out of the lungs.
Tracheostomy
A surgical opening placed on the anterior neck into the trachea.
Ventilation
The process of breathing in and out.
Work of breathing
An increase in the effort it takes to breathe.
Respiratory Failure
Inadequate respiratory rate and volume secondary to poor oxygenation.
