Chapter 9/10 Stuff

Question 1

Define:

Realignment Period

Answer 1

Periods when a major, lasting shift occurs in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties.

Question 2

Define:Superdelagates

Answer 2

Party leaders and elected officials who become delegates to the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses.

Question 3

Define: Political Machine

Answer 3

A party organization that recruits members by dispensing patronage.

Question 4

Define: Ideological Party

Answer 4

A party that values principles stands on one issue above all else.

Question 5

Define: Caucus

Answer 5

Meeting of party members to select delegates backing one or another primary candidate.

Question 6

Define: Incumbent

Answer 6

The person already holding an elective office.

Question 7

Define: PAC

Answer 7

A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations.

Question 8

Define: Primary Election

Answer 8

An election held to choose candidates for office.

Question 9

Define: Closed Primary

Answer 9

A primary election in which voting is limited to already registered party members.

Question 10

Define: Open Primary

Answer 10

A primary election in which voters may chose in which party to vote as they enter a polling place.

Question 11

Define: Blanket Primary

Answer 11

A primary election in which each voter may vote for candidates from both parties.

Question 12

Define: Runoff Primary

Answer 12

A second primary election held when no candidate wins a majority of the votes in the first primary

Question 13

Define: Soft Money

Answer 13

Funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get-out-an-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate.

Question 14

Define: 527 Organisation

Answer 14

Organizations under section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code that raise and spend money to advance political causes

Question 15

Define: Prospective Voting

Answer 15

Voting for a candidate because you favor his or her ideas on handling issues.

Question 16

Define: Retrospective Voting

Answer 16

Voting for a candidate because you like his or her past actions in office.

Question 17

Which state is first in the presidential nomination process?

Answer 17

Iowa

Question 18

Define Split Ticket

Answer 18

Voting for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election

Question 19

For a long time, the two national parties were ____ in behavior, as well as description

Answer 19

Alike

Question 20

Beginning in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s, the Republicans began to convert their party

Answer 20

into a well-financed, highly staffed organization devoted to funding candidates

Question 21

Beginning in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s, the Democrats began

Answer 21

changing the rules governing how presidential candidates are nominated in ways that profoundly altered the distribution of power within the party.

Question 22

The ——– ——— selects the time and place of the next national convention and issues a “call” for the convention that sets forth the number of delegates each state and territory is to have and the rules under which delegates must be chosen

Answer 22

National Committee

Question 23

During this time period, it was estimated that 1/8 voters in NYC ha a federal, state, or city job.

Answer 23

1870’s

Question 24

Who was the first Catholic nominated for president by a major party?

Answer 24

Al Smith, by the Democrats, in 1928

Question 25

Define: One-Issue Party

Answer 25

Parties seeking a single policy, usually revealed by their names and avoiding other issues.

Question 26

Define: Economic-Factional Parties

Answer 26

Parties, usually based in a particular region, especially involving farmers, that protest against depressed economic conditions. These tend to disappear as conditions improve.

Question 27

Define: Factional Parties

Answer 27

Parties created by a split in a major party, usually over the identity and philosophy of the major parties’ presidential candidate.

Question 28

Identify the 4 types of minor parties.

Answer 28

Ideological, One-Issue, Economic-Protest, Factional

Question 29

For appointing delegates to the national convention, Democrats…

Answer 29

take into account the vote each state cast for Democratic candidates in past election and the number of electoral votes of each state.

Question 30

For appointing delegates to the national convention, Republicans…

Answer 30

take into account the number of representatives cast its electoral votes for the Republican to the Senate, the House, and the governorship.

Question 31

How much money can an individual give to any candidate in any election?

Answer 31

$2,000

Question 32

What is the main source of campaign money for congressional candidates?

Answer 32

Individual donors

Question 33

Buckley v. Valeo (1976)

Answer 33

Held that a law limiting contributions to political campaigns was constitutional but on e restricting a candidate’s expenditures of his or her own money was not.

Question 34

McConnel v. Federal Election Commission (2002)

Answer 34

Upheld a law prohibiting cor[orations and labor unions from running ads that mention candidates and their positions for 60 days before a general election.

Question 35

The Hatch Act (1939)

Answer 35

Made it illegal for federal civil service employees to take an active part in political party officers, soliciting campaign funds, running for partisan office, working in a partisan campaign, endorsing partisan candidates, taking voters to the polls, counting ballots, circulating nominating petitions, or being delegates to a party convention.

Question 36

What was the significance of the 1964 presidential election?

Answer 36

The Republican party nominated the highly conservative Barry Goldwater for president. The Republican delegates selected as their nominee a person who was not the most popular candidate among voters at large an thus not the most likely candidate to win.

Question 37

History suggests that _____ percent of the presidential vote will go to the candidates of the two main parties.

Answer 37

80

Question 38

A study of political ads broadcast from 1999 to 2004 found that the largest number emphasized

Answer 38

Voter’s fears

Question 39

Voters tend to prefer a presidential candidate with experience as a

Answer 39

A and C

Question 40

Incumbents have run in _____ of the last thirteen presidential elections.

Answer 40

8

Question 41

In 2000, George Bush chose _____ as a theme for his campaign

Answer 41

compassionate conservatism

Question 42

In 1911, Congress decided that the House had become large enough and voted to fix its size at

Answer 42

435

Question 43

The positive effect of television is best illustrated by the 1992 campaign of

Answer 43

Ross Perot

Question 44

Obama won the majority of the votes cast by all of the following except

Answer 44

College Graduates

Question 45

According to the text, campaigns do make a difference because they

Answer 45

give voters a chance to see how candidates handle pressure

Question 46

Although campaigns in the United States have historically emphasized broad themes over specific details, what has emerged in recent years is the

Answer 46

importance of primary elections

Question 47

The Democrats appear to have lost their once-strong hold on which of the following groups?

Answer 47

A, B, and C

Catholics, Southerners, Union members

Question 48

Great Britain’s parliamentary system seems to produce a relatively regular intervals

Answer 48

elections that effect major policy changes

Question 49

The election of _____ brought about wide-scale adoption of social assistance programs.

Answer 49

1964

Question 50

Define: Position Issue

Answer 50

an issue about which the public is divided and rival candidates or political parties adopt different policy positions

Question 51

Define: Valence Issue

Answer 51

an issue about which the public is united and rival candidates or political parties adopt similar positions in hopes that each will be thought to best represent those widely shared beliefs

Question 52

Members of the House and Senate can remove fellow members by a _____ vote.

Answer 52

2/3

Question 53

John Kerry’s famous “flip-flop” from the primary season to the general election campaign concerned

Answer 53

the invasion of Iraq

Question 54

In the 2000 election, George W. Bush wanted to let people put some of their Social Security money into private savings accounts; Al Gore opposed this. This is an example of a _____ issue.

Answer 54

position

Question 55

The kind of campaign activity most notably on the increase in recent elections is

Answer 55

Broadcasting

Question 56

The impact of television advertising is probably

Answer 56

greater in primary elections than in general elections