Chapter 9/10 Stuff Flashcards
Define:
Realignment Period
Periods when a major, lasting shift occurs in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties.
Define:Superdelagates
Party leaders and elected officials who become delegates to the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucuses.
Define: Political Machine
A party organization that recruits members by dispensing patronage.
Define: Ideological Party
A party that values principles stands on one issue above all else.
Define: Caucus
Meeting of party members to select delegates backing one or another primary candidate.
Define: Incumbent
The person already holding an elective office.
Define: PAC
A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations.
Define: Primary Election
An election held to choose candidates for office.
Define: Closed Primary
A primary election in which voting is limited to already registered party members.
Define: Open Primary
A primary election in which voters may chose in which party to vote as they enter a polling place.
Define: Blanket Primary
A primary election in which each voter may vote for candidates from both parties.
Define: Runoff Primary
A second primary election held when no candidate wins a majority of the votes in the first primary
Define: Soft Money
Funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get-out-an-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate.
Define: 527 Organisation
Organizations under section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code that raise and spend money to advance political causes
Define: Prospective Voting
Voting for a candidate because you favor his or her ideas on handling issues.
Define: Retrospective Voting
Voting for a candidate because you like his or her past actions in office.
Which state is first in the presidential nomination process?
Iowa
Define Split Ticket
Voting for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election
For a long time, the two national parties were ____ in behavior, as well as description
Alike
Beginning in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s, the Republicans began to convert their party
into a well-financed, highly staffed organization devoted to funding candidates
Beginning in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s, the Democrats began
changing the rules governing how presidential candidates are nominated in ways that profoundly altered the distribution of power within the party.
The ——– ——— selects the time and place of the next national convention and issues a “call” for the convention that sets forth the number of delegates each state and territory is to have and the rules under which delegates must be chosen
National Committee
During this time period, it was estimated that 1/8 voters in NYC ha a federal, state, or city job.
1870’s
Who was the first Catholic nominated for president by a major party?
Al Smith, by the Democrats, in 1928
Define: One-Issue Party
Parties seeking a single policy, usually revealed by their names and avoiding other issues.
Define: Economic-Factional Parties
Parties, usually based in a particular region, especially involving farmers, that protest against depressed economic conditions. These tend to disappear as conditions improve.
Define: Factional Parties
Parties created by a split in a major party, usually over the identity and philosophy of the major parties’ presidential candidate.
Identify the 4 types of minor parties.
Ideological, One-Issue, Economic-Protest, Factional
For appointing delegates to the national convention, Democrats…
take into account the vote each state cast for Democratic candidates in past election and the number of electoral votes of each state.
For appointing delegates to the national convention, Republicans…
take into account the number of representatives cast its electoral votes for the Republican to the Senate, the House, and the governorship.
How much money can an individual give to any candidate in any election?
$2,000
What is the main source of campaign money for congressional candidates?
Individual donors
Buckley v. Valeo (1976)
Held that a law limiting contributions to political campaigns was constitutional but on e restricting a candidate’s expenditures of his or her own money was not.
McConnel v. Federal Election Commission (2002)
Upheld a law prohibiting cor[orations and labor unions from running ads that mention candidates and their positions for 60 days before a general election.
The Hatch Act (1939)
Made it illegal for federal civil service employees to take an active part in political party officers, soliciting campaign funds, running for partisan office, working in a partisan campaign, endorsing partisan candidates, taking voters to the polls, counting ballots, circulating nominating petitions, or being delegates to a party convention.
What was the significance of the 1964 presidential election?
The Republican party nominated the highly conservative Barry Goldwater for president. The Republican delegates selected as their nominee a person who was not the most popular candidate among voters at large an thus not the most likely candidate to win.
History suggests that _____ percent of the presidential vote will go to the candidates of the two main parties.
80
A study of political ads broadcast from 1999 to 2004 found that the largest number emphasized
Voter’s fears
Voters tend to prefer a presidential candidate with experience as a
A and C
Incumbents have run in _____ of the last thirteen presidential elections.
8
In 2000, George Bush chose _____ as a theme for his campaign
compassionate conservatism
In 1911, Congress decided that the House had become large enough and voted to fix its size at
435
The positive effect of television is best illustrated by the 1992 campaign of
Ross Perot
Obama won the majority of the votes cast by all of the following except
College Graduates
According to the text, campaigns do make a difference because they
give voters a chance to see how candidates handle pressure
Although campaigns in the United States have historically emphasized broad themes over specific details, what has emerged in recent years is the
importance of primary elections
The Democrats appear to have lost their once-strong hold on which of the following groups?
A, B, and C
Catholics, Southerners, Union members
Great Britain’s parliamentary system seems to produce a relatively regular intervals
elections that effect major policy changes
The election of _____ brought about wide-scale adoption of social assistance programs.
1964
Define: Position Issue
an issue about which the public is divided and rival candidates or political parties adopt different policy positions
Define: Valence Issue
an issue about which the public is united and rival candidates or political parties adopt similar positions in hopes that each will be thought to best represent those widely shared beliefs
Members of the House and Senate can remove fellow members by a _____ vote.
2/3
John Kerry’s famous “flip-flop” from the primary season to the general election campaign concerned
the invasion of Iraq
In the 2000 election, George W. Bush wanted to let people put some of their Social Security money into private savings accounts; Al Gore opposed this. This is an example of a _____ issue.
position
The kind of campaign activity most notably on the increase in recent elections is
Broadcasting
The impact of television advertising is probably
greater in primary elections than in general elections
