Chapter 9, 10, 11

Question 1

Serum

Answer 1

Liquid portion minus coagulation factors

Question 2

Plasma

Answer 2

Contains all clotting factors

Question 3

Why are patient samples diluted?

Answer 3

To make a less concentrated solution

Question 4

How can a Complement be inactivated?

Answer 4

Heat sample to 56 degrees for 30 min

Question 5

Volumetric pipette

Answer 5

Delivers one volume

Question 6

Graduated pipette

Answer 6

Markings for varying amounts

Question 7

Micropipettes

Answer 7

Delivers small volumes

Question 8

What do TD & TC stand for?

Answer 8

To deliver & To contain

Question 9

Antibody Titer

Answer 9

Measures the concentration of an antibody

Question 10

What do Acute & Convalescent samples mean?

Answer 10

Acute: Still having symptoms & Convalescent: Recovering

Question 11

Epitope

Answer 11

Part of antigen that binds to antibody antigen-binding site

Question 12

Hapten

Answer 12

To small to cause production of antibody by itself

Question 13

Affinity

Answer 13

Initial force of attraction between single antigen-binding site on antibody molecule

Question 14

Avidity

Answer 14

Overall strength of antigen-antibody binding

Question 15

Define precipitation & agglutination immunoassay

Answer 15

Precipitation: Soluble antigen is combined with soluble homozygous
Agglutination: Prevents agglutination

Question 16

What’s the formula for Precipitation?

Answer 16

Soluble = soluble = Insoluble Visable lattice formation

Question 17

What are 3 zones of precipitation reaction

Answer 17

Prozone, Zone of Equivalence, and Post Zone

Question 18

Where does optimal lattice formation become visible?

Answer 18

Zone of equivalence

Question 19

Immunoturbidimetry

Answer 19

Measures reduction in light intensity due to turbidity

Question 20

Nephelometry

Answer 20

Measures light that is scattered at an angle

Question 21

RID

Answer 21

Manual, single diffusion technique

Question 22

Ouchterlony

Answer 22

Double diffusion technique

Question 23

Identity Pattern

Answer 23

Fusion of lines at their junction to form an arc

Question 24

Non-Identity Pattern

Answer 24

A pattern of crossed lines

Question 25

Partial Identity Pattern

Answer 25

Fusion of two lines

Question 26

Ring around the Antibody well indicates

Answer 26

Clown looking face

Question 26

Parallel Lines Indicates

Answer 26

Two lines on the side

Question 27

IFE

Answer 27

Double diffusion technique performed to visualize increase or decrease production of antibody class

Question 28

Direct Agglutination

Answer 28

Use particles with naturally occurring antigens

Question 29

Indirect Agglutination

Answer 29

Use particles coated in antigens not normally found

Question 30

Reverse Indirect Agglutination

Answer 30

Antibody attached to the carrier particles

Question 31

Agglutination Inhibition

Answer 31

Based on competition between particulate and soluble antigens

Question 32

What does Hemagglutination Inhibition use?

Answer 32

RBCs

Question 33

Analytical Sensitivity

Answer 33

Ability to detect very small amount of a substance

Question 34

Analytical Specificity

Answer 34

Ability to detect a substance without interference from cross-reactivity substance

Question 35

Analyte

Answer 35

Substance being measured

Question 36

Why use labeled Immunoassays?

Answer 36

They are designed for antigen and antibodies that may be small

Question 37

What type of labels can be used?

Answer 37

Radioactive, Enzyme, Fluorescent, and Chemiluminescent

Question 38

Heterogenous Immunoassays

Answer 38

* More sensitive of the two * Requires physical separation

Question 39

Homogenous Immunoassays

Answer 39

Doesn’t require physical separation

Question 40

Competitive Immunoassays

Answer 40

*All reactants are added at the same time *Concentration is inversely proportional to labeled reagent

Question 41

Noncompetitive Immunoassays

Answer 41

Patient analyte is captured by Ab bound to solid phase

Question 42

Heterogenous Immunoassays

Answer 42

*more sensitive of two types of *requires physical separation

Question 43

Homogenous Immunoassays

Answer 43

Doesn’t require physical separation

Question 44

Competitive Immunoassays

Answer 44

*All reactants are added at the same time *Concentration is inversely proportional to labeled reagent

Question 45

Noncompetitive Immunoassays

Answer 45

Concentration is directly proportional to labeled reagent

Question 46

Autoantibodies

Answer 46

Patient Ab produced in vivo that resemble reagent Ab

Question 47

What are Heterophole antibodies?

Answer 47

Antibodies that react to animal protein

Question 48

Cross reactivity

Answer 48

Describes the detection of a substance other than the analyte of interest