Chapter 87 Soft Tissues of the Oral Cavity Flashcards
What is meant by the following:
Oral cavity
Oropharynx
Oral cavity proper
Oral vestibule
Oral cavity: Area bounded by lips, hard palate, tongue/underlying mucosa
Oropharynx: Area bounded by soft palate, root of tongue and pharyngeal wall
Oral cavity proper: Area bounded by dental arcades
Oral vestibule: Area/potential space between teeth and lips
List thethree most common oral tumours in dogs
And cats
Dogs: Malignant melanoma > SCC > Fibrosarc
Cats: SCC > Fibrosarc > Lymphoma
What nerve provides motor innervation to lips
And sensory
Motor: Facial n (VII)
Sensory: Trigeminal n (V)
What is main arterial supply to upper and lower lip?
Upper lip:
- Infraorbital artery rostrally (from maxillary artery)
- Superior labial caudal half (from facial artery)
Lower:
- Inferior labial artery caudally (from facial artery)
- Middle and rostral mental arteries rostrally (from inferior alveolar, from maxillary)
In dogs, the facial artery is a terminal branch of the external carotid artery and is approximately 3 cm long and 1.5 mm in diameter. It arises at the angle of the mandible 1cm from the lingual artery and gives rise to multiple terminal branches. The facial artery is surrounded by the masseter muscle dorsally and laterally, the digastricus muscle ventrally and the styloglossal muscle medially. The facial artery terminates in the face as multiple labial arteries. The facial artery bifurcates into the inferior labial artery and superior labial artery. The angularis oris artery branches ventrally from the superior labial artery and courses rostrally and ventrally. The superior labial artery anastomosis with the terminal branches of the infraorbital artery, the lateral nasal artery and rostral septal branches of the infraorbital artery.
Label the diagram
General view of the oral cavity of the dog.
1, Vestibule;
2, canine tooth;
3, hard palate;
4, soft palate;
5, tongue;
6, sublingual caruncle;
7, palatoglossal arch;
8, palatine tonsil;
9, frenulum;
10, philtrum.
Label the diagram
Which salivary gland(s) empty into the oral vestibule?
Parotid and zygomatic
What are the three ‘geogrphical’ parts of the tongue
Root: Anchors to oropharynx
Body: From root and along attachment of frenulum
Apex: Distal free portion
What are the mucosal ridges either side of the lingual frenulum called?
What is their significance
Sublingual fold
Ends at sublingual caruncle which is where sublingual ducts course and open
What are the three extrinsic muscles of the root of the tongue
What is their origin and insertion:
What nerve controls their movement?
-
Styloglossus (three subdivisions)
- Origin: Stylohyoidbone
- Insertion: Spanventral apspect of tongue
-
Genioglossus
- Origin: Medial aspect of each mandible, immediately caudal to symphysis
- Insertion: separates into three bundles as it fans caudodorsally
- Rostral portion of ventral tongue (vertical bundle)
- Ventral region of caudal tongue (oblique bundle)
- Caudal third of tongue (straight bundle)
-
Hyoglossus
- Origin: Basihyoid bone
- Insertion: Caudal 2/3rds of tongue
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Label the diagram
How are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue classified (re units of fibre)
The intrinsic muscles are responsible for protrusion of the tongue. Which nerve controls motor function?
- Superficial longitudinal
- Deep longitudinal
- Transverse
- Perpendicular
Hypoglossal nerve (CV XII)
N.B. Hypoglossal is a somatic only CN
What is the central tubelike structure of the tongue called
Lyssa
(muscle, fat, sometimes cartilage)
Function unclear
What is the epithelium of the tongue
Cornified squamous
NAme the 5 papillae of the tongue.
Which are gustatory (i.e. tastebuds?)
FUn VALhalla FOLk
cant taste
FILo CONtaining pastry
Gustatory:
- Fungiform
- Vallate (means raised edge)
- Foliate
Non-gustatory
- Filiform
- Conical
What is the implication of ligation of one side of lingual artery
What is lingual a. a branch of
None as lots of anastomoses throughout parenchyma
Lingual a. is a branch of external carotid
What vein does lingual vein drain into
(Linguo) facial
What are the muscles of the soft palate (5)
- Tensor veli palatini (opens eustachean tube btw)
- Levator veli palatini
- Palatine
- Pterygopharyngeal
- Palatophryngeal (extend laterally and become palatopharyngel arches)
Which nerves control the muscles of the palate?
Glossopharyngal (IX) and vagus (X)
What is the main blood supply to the soft palate Bramch of what artery?
Minor palatine arery, branch of maxillary
How many tonsils does the dogs have (and what are they?)
And cats
Dogs have 4:
- Paired palatine tonsils
- Single lingual tonsil (not grossly appreciable)
- Single pharyngeal tonsil (roof of nasopharynx)
Cats have 6:
- In addition to above, paired paraepiglottic (craniolateral to base of epiglottis)
What is blood supply to palatine tonsis?
Tonsillar artery (branch of lingual artery!)
What LNs do tonsils drain into
And more generally speaking - which LNs shoudl be checked with oral cavity neoplasia
Mandibular and medial retropharyngeal
Mandibular, medial retropharyngeal, and parotid, they drain into superficial cervcal so check that too. Check bilaterally too as vessels of head and neck can cross midline
What is another owrk for the cricopharyngeal stage of swallowing
Pharyngooesophageal
